1. Ancient Greece

2. Geography
Greece is a peninsula about the size of Louisiana in the Mediterranean Sea.
It was very close to Egypt and the Persian empire (including Turkey) and Rome.

3. Greek Geography
Greece is very mountainous which made if very difficult for poleis to interact with each other.
Greek communities often times developed independently because of the mountains, thus they were diverse.
As a result of their differences, they fought each other a lot.

4. Greek Geography

5. Greek Geography

6. Traveling – difficult or easy? Why?

8. City-State / Polis
A city-state is an independent city with its own government and laws that is ruled by one ruler (but it can be in the same civilization).
What would cause Greek Polis’ (city-states) to develop so differently from one and other?

9. Isolated and Independent

10. Time Period?

11. The Earliest Greeks

12. The Minoans 3000 BC-1500 BC Lived on Crete In capital city, Knossos
Thought to be the first people to arrive in Greece

13. About Minoans Great ship builders and traders Written language
Art on walls
Grand palaces
Running water
Influenced the Myceneans

14. Myceneans 2700 BC-1100 BC Came from central Asia
Invaded Greece 1900 BC
Became first Greek kings

15. Myceneans Great warriors Fought with stone Traded with Minoans
“Known as the Heroic Age”
Trojan War

16. Early Greeks Comprehension
How were the Myceneans and Minoans similar, why?
How were they different?
( Hint: think government, daily life, location, jobs, etc.)

17. The Dorians and The Dark Ages 1100 BC-800 BC
Beat Myceneans
Had iron weapons
No written language
storytelling

18. Effects of Dark Ages City States Common spoken language
Fables, legends, myths
Metal tools

19. Sparta
Sparta was an isolated city-state that was culturally and politically different from Athens.
Sparta was an oligarchy, government ruled by a few. They had 2 kings.
During the Peloponnesian War Sparta attacked Athens.

20. Government Ancient Greece was ruled by many forms of government.
Monarchy – rule by one king/person
Oligarchy – rule is in the hands of a few wealthy people
Tyranny – rule by one person who took control by force
Democracy – rule by all people
Direct Democracy
Representative Democracy

21. Democracy
A government where the people have the right to make decisions about leaders and laws
Greek word meaning “power of the people”
Athens developed the first democracy
(Direct)
The U.S. government is based on Athenian democracy.
(Representative)

22. Direct Democracy Athens was the first known city to develop Democracy
Direct participation was important.
In the Assembly, every citizen attended as often as he pleased and had the right to speak.
Ex. Go to War or not

23. Representative Democracy
The U.S. today is a representative democracy, where we vote for people to make decisions for us.
Ex. U.S. Senate and U.S House of Representatives

24. Athens
Athenians were tough but were encouraged to engage in activities like art, philosophy, music.

25. Athens Versus Sparta Athens Main focus was on education
Main focus was on military training
Boys left their family at age 7 to begin their military training
Both boys and girls were expected to be physically strong in order to protect Sparta
Athens
Main focus was on education
Taught at home until the age of 6or 7
7 – 14 went to school to learn reading, writing, math, literature, sports, and music
At 18 military training began.

26. Values Spartan Values * Strength * Duty *Discipline Simplicity
Athenian Values
*Individuality
* Beauty
Freedom
Citizenship
* Education
Spartan Values
* Strength
* Duty
*Discipline
Simplicity

27. Technology resulted from necessity
Since Greek coastal cities were sandwiched between the ocean and the sea, they developed an amazing navy for trading and fighting.
Their navy was instrumental in helping secure victories during the Persian Wars.

28. Technology resulted from scarcity
All cities need fresh water. This is a Greek aqueduct, basically a brick water pipe.
The first aqueduct was Assyrian, but most ancient societies had them.

29. Greek Inventions
The Greeks invented dice.

30. Golden Age of Athens
A period of great peace, wealth, creativity, and success.

31. *The Greeks were the original Olympiads.
*Their scientists studied the best way to perform sports

32. Greek Invention
The Greeks invented the crane.

33. Greek Architecture Greeks invented arches and columns.
Doric
Corinthian
Ionic
This obviously took advanced mathematics.

34. Columns
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian

36. Mythology

37. Greek gods and goddesses
Zeus – king of the gods,the sky, rain, and lightning
Hades- god of the underworld
Poseidon- god of the sea
Apollo – god of light
Hermes – messenger of the gods
Ares – god of war
Hera – goddess of marriage
Hestia – goddess of the home
Artemis – goddess of the hunt and wild animals, twin sister of Apollo
Aphrodite – goddess of love and beauty
Athena – goddess of wisdom and protector of cities

38. What is a legacy?
Traditions, skills and knowledge of a culture that get passed on to people in the future
Babe Ruth’s
legacy was
homerun hitting.
Something a culture is known for
A gift from the past

39. Trial By Jury
When a group of citizens decides if a person is innocent or guilty of a crime
Serving on a jury was a citizen’s duty
About 500 jurors for a trial
Jurors were paid for service

40. Epics Long poems written about gods, heroes, and history of a culture
Homer most famous author of Greek epics.
Wrote the Illiad about the Trojan War
The Odyssey about a Trojan War hero, Odysseus

41. Democracy

42. Theater
Grew out of festivals dedicated to Dionysus and developed into stories that were acted out
Plays were performed at festivals and became competitions
Only male actors but women could watch
Actors wore masks to show gender, age & mood
Theater was carved into a hillside

43. Greek theater in Miletus

44. Types of plays first developed by the Greeks
Tragedy & Comedy
Types of plays first developed by the Greeks
Tragedy: plays about suffering
Aeschylus
Comedy: plays with a happy ending that pokes fun at certain types of people
Aristophanes

45. Festival held in Olympia to honor Zeus
Olympic Games
Festival held in Olympia to honor Zeus
Every four years-began 776B.C.
Only men: women couldn’t watch
Olympians swore not to cheat
Called a truce from war
Won an olive wreath
Winners were heroes

46. Messengers & Trumpeters
Olympic Games
Foot races
Javelin
Warrior’s Race
Boxing
Discus
Pancratium
Wrestling
Pentathlon
Messengers & Trumpeters

47. Marathon Footrace that is 26 miles, 385 yards long
Greeks defeated the Persians at Marathon
Pheidippides ran to Athens (about 26 miles) to announce the victory
He reached Athens, cried out Nike! (goddess of victory), and fell over dead.

48. Supreme Court Building in Wash. D.C.
Architecture
The design of many buildings today has been influenced by the classical style of the Greeks.
Supreme Court Building in Wash. D.C.

49. Math

50. Science

51. Classification of Living Things
A system of grouping plants and animals that have similar characteristics
Developed by Aristotle
Helps scientists to handle a lot of info.
Still used today

52. Process used by scientists to study something
Scientific Method
Process used by scientists to study something 1
Collect
Info 2
Form
Hypothesis 3
Test
Hypothesis

53. Hippocratic Oath
A list of rules about practicing medicine that doctors today still promise to follow
Honor their teachers
Hippocrates was the “Father of Scientific Medicine”
Believed that disease came from natural causes not evil spirits
Do their best for the sick
Never give poisons
Keep the secrets of patients

55. Alexander the Great Alexander was from Macedonia.
Alexander was a brilliant military strategist.
His favorite book was Homer’s Iliad

56. Alexander conquered the Persian empire thus controlled one of the largest empires in the world at that time.

57. What happens when cultures blend together?

58. Alexander created a Hellenistic culture
Hella is the Greek word for “Greek”.
Hellenistic means the blending of Greek cultures with other cultures.

59. The Roman Coliseum has a strong Hellenistic influence.