1. Digital Design in Embedded System Design, Integrated Circuit Design Lab Peiyi Zhao, Ph.D Math and Computer Science Department, Beckman Hall 207 Wilkinson College of Letters & Sciences Chapman University Phone:
Date: Oct. 29, 2005
Introduction: Session I, II: Beckman Hall 204
Demo: session III, after 11:50, in Beckman Hall 207
Beckman Hall : the 4-story building near the gate of the university main gate
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

2. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
Contents
Why digital design
Digital processor design basics
Tools and resource in the lab
Demo: Robot etc
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

3. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
1. Why digital design? Digital design is everywhere: communication, consumer electronics, defense, aerospace, etc
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

4. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
Digital TV will be the standard by Dec. 2006
About 60 microcontrollers in your car from airbag controller to engine temperature controller.
6 billion microcontroller units were shipped in 2004, predicted to increase by 10%(Source: Instate.Inc market research ) each year from
Semiconductor annual revenue of 2004: estimated of $211.4 billion
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

5. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
Moore’s law (observation): transistors on a chip will double in every months.
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

6. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
Some of the research issues: power consumption
With the heat of 100 Watts power consumption, an egg could be cooked.
Source: Intel
Other issues: security, etc
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

7. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
Tomorrow’s market keep need design high speed, low power and secure digital systems.
Digital design needs digital design concepts and programming skill
Our lab provides interdisciplinary training for software, hardware digital co-design.
We do researches like low power consumption, security.
This is one of a few computer science programs in the nation
Which has an intensive hardware selective courses
Equipped with industry standard softwares like Synopsys, Cadence, ModelSim, Xilinx,etc.
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

8. 2.Digital processor design basics
Human being:
super low power, ultra speed amazing brain,
memory,
sense (eye, ear, etc)
Basic structure of processor:
Central processing unit,
input/output in processor (screen, keyboard, etc)
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

9. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
What kinds of processors are there?
Microcontroller: put central processing unit, memory, input/output port in one silicon chip. Uses C or assembly language to program (related course: CPSC250)
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA): powerful prefabricated programmable digital integrated circuits. You can design a circuit on your computer and have it running on your desk in minutes. No need to solder discrete logic devices and manually wire them together. (related course: CPSC365, CPSC252)
Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC): Using Verilog/ VHDL programming language to design chip for better speed and power according to your specification and fabricate it (related course: CPSC465,466)
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

10. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
Computer: Multilevel perspective
Level 5 Program oriented language level CPSC 230/231, 350,353,354,402,408
Level 4: Assembly language level Assembly language CPSC 250
Level 3 Operating system level Operating system CPSC 380
Level 2 Instruction set architecture level Computer architecture CPSC 252
Level 1 Digital logic level Digital logic CPSC 365
Level 0 Integrated circuit level Integrated circuits CPSC 465,466
People interested in understanding how a computer really works must study all the levels.(SOURCE: A.S. Tanenbaum)
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

11. 3.Tools and resources in the lab
Instruments
Waveform generator
Oscilloscope
Digital analyzer
Digital Multimeter
Computers and gate arrays
Sun Blade server
Digilent FPGA boards
Microcontroller: Atmel STK 500
MIT Handyboard
Lego RCX board
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

12. Tools and resources in the lab
Design tool
Cadence
Synopsys
ModelSim
StudioAVR
C Codevision compiler
Xilinx XSE tool
Altera tool
Special parts
Sensors: light, pressure, temperature
Breadboards
LCD
Resistors, capacitors
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

13. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
Design skill: Using the previous tools to
design and download different digital logic design to boards
or send to MOSIS to fabricate
Abstract digital design level
Troubleshooting design
Breakdown large problem to small ones,
Isolate problem,
Create/use test bench,
Search error message/solution in data base, help manual, ask specialist questions, check tutorial, FAQ, user group, etc
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

14. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
Student projects
Security: Implement RSA algorithm in FPGA
Low power circuits research
dual voltage level shifter, tri-state buffer, domino circuit,etc
Microcontroller related project
Send Chips to MOSIS for fabrication (coming soon)
Handyboard Robot
A robot is pushing a can out of a circle
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

15. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
// Simple Program for traffic light control
// Implemented in Digilent Board board with Xilinx FPGA
// Oct. 26, 2005
// Peiyi Zhao, Embedded system / Integrated Circuits Design lab, Chapman University
module traffic_light_simple(clk, rst, y); // traffic light control model
input clk; // clock input from board
input rst; // reset signal
output [2:0] y;
reg [7:0] y;
reg [2:0] state, next_st;
wire clk_100_out;
parameter green = 8'b0000_0011; // define green, yellow, red here
parameter yellow = 8'b ;
parameter red = 8'b1100_0000;
clk_100 clk_1(clk_100_out, clk); // instantiate a module, get low frequency clock
clk_100_out ) // sequential circuit, check reset signal
begin
if(rst) state <= 5;
else state <= next_st;
end
// state control
case(state)
0: begin next_st= 1; y= green; end // change the code here to control the time of each color
1: begin next_st= 2; y= green; end
2: begin next_st= 3; y= green; end
3: begin next_st= 4; y= yellow; end
4: begin next_st= 5; y= yellow; end
5: begin next_st= 6; y= red; end
6: begin next_st= 7; y= red; end
7: begin next_st= 0; y= red; end
endcase
endmodule
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

16. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University
4. Demo
Robot: line track, light follower
A simple traffic light program on FPGA board
A simple calculator program on FPGA board
A simple LED blinker program on microcontroller board
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Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University