2. Warm-up
What natural cycles in our world are you aware of? (List all you know!)
What is similar about all of these cycles?

3. Agenda
Warm up Dates to remember Introduction to rocks Independent Work – Vocabulary Builder

4. Dates to Remember End of the quarter is October 28th
If you are missing a test it needs to be taken by October 21st!!
Midterms are the week of October 24th

5. Rocks EEN 2.1.1 Processes that impact the Lithosphere
Chapter 3
Rocks
EEN Processes that impact the Lithosphere
EQ- What 3 types of rocks make up the rock cycle?

6. Taking Cornell Notes

7. Rocks
3.1 The Rock Cycle
 Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring naturally as part of our planet.

8. Types of Rocks
Igneous rock is formed by the crystallization of molten magma.
Sedimentary rock is formed from the weathered products of preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited, compacted, and cemented.
Metamorphic rock is formed by the alteration of pre-existing rock deep within Earth by heat, pressure

9. So what do all these rocks have in common?
They undergo a process called the
Rock Cycle

10. Rock Cycle
Shows the interrelationships among the three rock types ( Draw The picture below)

11. Lets see what you know
m.socrative.com
Room Name: MHTPXGCL7

12. Vocabulary Builder – Part 1
In Google Classroom, I have provided a list of several key terms for this unit
Please use the vocabulary frame diagrams to define each word.
Helpful website:

13. What drives the rock cycle?
Processes driven by heat from the Earth’s interior are responsible for forming both igneous rock and metamorphic rock.
Weathering and the movement of weathered materials are external processes powered by energy from the sun.
External processes produce sedimentary rocks.

14. Igneous Rocks
1. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface.
2. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed when lava hardens.

15. Igneous Rocks cont.
 Igneous rocks can be classified based on their composition and texture.
1. Texture
• Coarse-grained texture is caused by slow cooling resulting in larger crystals.
• Fine-grained texture is caused by rapid cooling resulting in smaller, interconnected mineral grains.
• Glassy texture is caused by very rapid cooling.

16. Course-Grained Igneous Texture

17. Fine-Grained Igneous Texture

18. Igneous cont. 2. Composition
• Granitic composition rocks are made mostly of light-colored quartz and feldspar.
• Basaltic composition rocks are made mostly of dark-colored silicate minerals and plagioclase feldspar.
• Andesitic composition rocks are between granitic light-color minerals and basaltic composition dark-colored minerals.
• Ultramafic composition rocks are made mostly from iron and magnesium-rich minerals.

19. Obsidian Exhibits a Glassy Texture.

20. Porphyritic Igneous Texture

21. Basalt

22. Classification of Igneous Rocks

23. Sedimentary Rocks  Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
• Erosion involves the weathering and the removal of rock.
• Deposition occurs when an agent of erosion—water, wind, ice, or gravity—loses energy and drops sediments.

24. Sedimentary Rocks  Compaction and Cementation
• Compaction is a process that squeezes, or compacts, sediments.
• Cementation takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments.

25. Two Main groups Sedimentary Rocks
1. Clastic sedimentary rocks are composed of weathered bits of rocks and minerals. (Ex. Shale)
2. Chemical sedimentary rocks form when dissolved substances precipitate, or separate, from water. (Ex. Limestone)

26. Shale with Plant Fossils

27. Conglomerate

28. Fossiliferous Limestone

29. Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

30. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
Features of sedimentary rocks are clues to how and where the rocks are formed.
Contain fossils.

31. Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphism means “to change form.”
Formation of Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphism means “to change form.”
Most metamorphic changes occur at elevated temperatures and pressures.

32. Metamorphic Rock cont.
Contact metamorphism occurs when magma moves into rock. Regional metamorphism results in large-scale deformation and high-grade metamorphism.

33. Agents of Metamorphism
 Heat
Provides the energy needed to drive chemical reactions
 Pressure
Causes a more compact rock with greater density

34. Classification of Metamorphic Rock
Two main categories
1. Foliated Metamorphic Rock
Has a banded or layered appearance
2. Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock
Does not have a banded texture

35. Classification of Metamorphic Rocks

36. Gneiss Typically Displays a Banded Appearance

37. Marble—A Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock

38. Reviewing Concepts 1. What is a rock?
2. What are the three major types of rocks?
3. How do igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks differ?
4. What is the rock cycle?

39. Answers
A rock is any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as a part of our planet
Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
The way each is formed. Interactions among Earth’s water, air, and land can cause rocks to change from one type to another.
Continuous process that causes rock to change