1. The History of GIS

2. FIVE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT
Research Frontier (Late 50’s to Mid 70’s)

3. Roger Tomlinson The “father” of GIS
Research Frontier
Individual-led developments
Limited international collaboration
Lack of data in machine-readable form
Lack of computing resources
1968
1958
Roger Tomlinson The “father” of GIS

4. Research Frontier Environmental Systems Research Institute
Jack Dangermond
Founded ESRI in 1969
Environmental
Systems
Research
Institute

5. FIVE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT
Research Frontier (Late 50’s to Mid 70’s)
Experimentation and Practice
(Early 70’s to Early 80’s)

6. Experimentation and Practice
National agencies drive development
Government-funded research
Formal scientific experiments
Role of the individual diminished
1970
1972
Landsat
SPOT

7. FIVE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT
Research Frontier (Late 50’s to Mid 70’s)
Experimentation and Practice
(Early 70’s to Early 80’s)
Commercial Phase (The 80’s)

8. Commercial Phase Corporate software development
Isolated systems and datasets

9. FIVE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT
Research Frontier (Late 50’s to Mid 70’s)
Experimentation and Practice
(Early 70’s to Early 80’s)
Commercial Phase (The 80’s)
User Dominance (The 90’s)

10. User Dominance Strong competition among vendors Distributed databases
Network Accessibility

12. FIVE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT
Research Frontier (Late 50’s to Mid 70’s)
Experimentation and Practice
(Early 70’s to Early 80’s)
Commercial Phase (The 80’s)
User Dominance (The 90’s)
Web-Based Internet GIS and GIScience
(The 00’s)

13. Web-Based Internet GIS & GIScience
Fully-distributed architecture
Focus on interoperability
Mobile GIS
Research on best practices for GIS
VGI – Volunteer Geographic Information
Ex: Wikimapia