1. The Early Americas
… HOW WE GOT HERE

2. HOHOKAM – 300-1300 A.D. PRESENT- DAY ARIZONA
HUNDREDS OF MILES OF IRRIGATION CHANNELS FOR FARMING
POTTERY STONE CARVINGS
SHELLS ETCHED WITH ACID
SHELLS??? ACID???

3. WHERE THEY WERE

4. HOHOKAM HOME

5. THE CITY

6. ANASAZI – 1-1300 A.D. 4 CORNERS (UTAH, COLORADO, ARIZONA, NEW MEXICO
STONE HOMES - pueblos
PROTECTED FROM WINTER WEATHER AND INVADERS
MANY THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE
MOVED PROBABLY BECAUSE OF DROUGHT.

7. Pueblo Bonito – one of the most spectacular of the Anasazi pueblos – 4 stories high with 100s of rooms

8. Pueblo Bonito as it may have looked

9. 4 CORNERS

10. 4 CORNERS MONUMENT

11. 4 STATES AT ONCE

12. ANASAZI- MESA VERDE – 1000s lived here

16. MOUND BUILDERS MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AREA TO PENNSYLVANIA IN THE EAST
EARLIEST- ADENA, THEN HOPEWELL
1st built around 1000 BC
SOMEHOW INFLUENCED BY THE MAYA AND AZTEC?
BURIAL MOUNDS IN MANY SHAPES
GREAT SERPENT (OHIO)
CAHOKIA (ILLINOIS)

17. CAHOKIA- ILLINOIS – Mississippians built it after A. D
CAHOKIA- ILLINOIS – Mississippians built it after A.D ,000 people

18. THE CITY

19. SERPENT MOUNDS- OHIO

20. People of the North - Inuit
Last migrants across land bridge?
Igloos
Furs and sealskins for clothing because it was warm and waterproof
Hunters/fishermen

21. Inuit

22. Inuit used Seal or whale skin for boats – waterproof

23. Peoples of the West Haida, Chinook, Tlingit
Wooden houses
Canoes, cloth, and baskets from tree bark
Fished mainly for salmon
Potlatches – parties
Totem pole – legends, families, events, decorations

24. Peoples of the West Nez Perce and Yakima
Fished rivers
Hunted deer
Gathered roots and berries
Lived in earthen houses
Tell General Howard I know his heart… Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever. 1877
Chief Joseph – Nez Perce

25. Peoples of the West Ute and Shoshone
Traveled in search of food
Ate small game, pine nuts, juniper berries, roots, and insects
Created temporary shelters from reeds and branches – eventually used tepees
A Shoshone encampment in 1870

26. Southwest Hopi, Acoma, Zuni Adobe – mud bricks used to build homes
Corn was a staple
Traded throughout Southwest and Mexico
1500s – Apache and Navajo moved in
They were hunters and gatherers
Built square houses called hogans

27. ANCIENT HOPI VILLAGE OF WOLPI - AZ

28. Famous Apache
Geronimo was the most legendary and feared of all the Apache warriors.
"My people have killed Americans and Mexicans and taken their property. Their losses have been greater than mine. I have killed ten white men for every Indian slain, but I know that the whites are many and the Indians are few. Apaches are growing less every day.” "Nobody wants peace more than I do. Why shut me up on a reservation? We will make peace; we will keep it faithfully. But let us go around free as Americans do. Let us go wherever we please".

29. ON THE PLAINS - nomadic Comanche Dakota Sioux Became excellent
horse* riders
(*brought from Spain to Mexico in 1500s)
Hunted antelope, deer, buffalo
Slept in tepees

30. Peoples of the East Iroquois Lived in woodlands
Formal law codes and federations
Lived in bark-covered long houses

31. IROQUOIS LEAGUE (Nation)
Algonquian groups:
Onondaga
Seneca
Cayuga
Mohawk
Oneida
1500 “Great Peace” created a “Nation”
Wrote a constitution and established a “Grand Council”

32. Peoples of the Southeast
Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee
Farmers and hunters
Trail of Tears
1838
Forced removal of Cherokee
Appr. 4,000 died on journey