1. THE AZTECS

2. Aztec War and Religion Military empire
Conquered people were forced to work as slaves
Human sacrifice kept the gods happy and ensured a good harvest
Sacrificed 1000s of prisoners of war

3. THE AZTECS
“THE SIGN”
Lake Texoco

4. TENOCHTITLAN

6. AZTEC CALENDAR

7. TEOTIHUACAN
Teotihuacan Ruin Site Mexico is notable for the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon. The huge ancient city in Central Mexico contains two of the largest stone pyramids in Mexico

8. Incas 1200 founded Cuzco, capital city
Starting in 1438 Pachacuti and his son conquered people over 3,000 miles of the western coast – Columbia, Argentina, Chile
Empire was built on war – all men between could be drafted
Weapons – clubs, spikes, spears, copper balls on ropes, slingshots
Conquered people could join or suffer

9. Inca 9 million people at its greatest
10,000 miles of stone paved roads
Quechua – official Incan language
Quipas – counting system using string and knots
Terraced farming
All land belonged to emperor, descended from sun god
Gold jewelry and temple ornaments to keep god happy
Machu Pichu – hidden high in the Andes, devoted to religious ceremonies

11. HOHOKAM – 300-1300 A.D. PRESENT- DAY ARIZONA
HUNDREDS OF MILES OF IRRIGATION CHANNELS FOR FARMING
POTTERY STONE CARVINGS
SHELLS ETCHED WITH ACID
SHELLS??? ACID???

12. WHERE THEY WERE

13. HOHOKAM HOME

14. ANASAZI – 1-1300 A.D. 4 CORNERS (UTAH, COLORADO, ARIZONA, NEW MEXICO
STONE HOMES - pueblos
PROTECTED FROM WINTER WEATHER AND INVADERS
MANY THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE
MOVED PROBABLY BECAUSE OF DROUGHT.

15. 4 CORNERS

16. ANASAZI- MESA VERDE – 1000s lived here

17. MOUND BUILDERS MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AREA TO PENNSYLVANIA IN THE EAST
EARLIEST- ADENA, THEN HOPEWELL
1st built around 1000 BC
SOMEHOW INFLUENCED BY THE MAYA AND AZTEC?
BURIAL MOUNDS IN MANY SHAPES
GREAT SERPENT (OHIO)
CAHOKIA (ILLINOIS)

18. SERPENT MOUNDS- OHIO

19. People of the North - Inuit
Last migrants across land bridge?
Igloos
Furs and sealskins for clothing because it was warm and waterproof
Hunters/fishermen

20. Peoples of the West Haida, Chinook, Tlingit
Wooden houses
Canoes, cloth, and baskets from tree bark
Fished mainly for salmon
Potlatches – parties
Totem pole – legends, families, events, decorations

21. Peoples of the West Nez Perce and Yakima
Fished rivers
Hunted deer
Gathered roots and berries
Lived in earthen houses
Tell General Howard I know his heart… Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever. 1877
Chief Joseph – Nez Perce

22. Peoples of the West Ute and Shoshone
Traveled in search of food
Ate small game, pine nuts, juniper berries, roots, and insects
Created temporary shelters from reeds and branches – eventually used tepees

23. Southwest Hopi, Acoma, Zuni Adobe – mud bricks used to build homes
Corn was a staple
Traded throughout Southwest and Mexico
1500s – Apache and Navajo moved in
They were hunters and gatherers
Built square houses called hogans

24. Famous Apache Geronimo was the most legendary and feared of all the Apache warriors.
"My people have killed Americans and Mexicans and taken their property. Their losses have been greater than mine. I have killed ten white men for every Indian slain, but I know that the whites are many and the Indians are few. Apaches are growing less every day.” "Nobody wants peace more than I do. Why shut me up on a reservation? We will make peace; we will keep it

25. ON THE PLAINS - nomadic Comanche Dakota Sioux Became excellent
horse* riders
(*brought from Spain to Mexico in 1500s)
Hunted antelope, deer, buffalo
Slept in tepees

26. Peoples of the East Iroquois Lived in woodlands
Formal law codes and federations
Lived in bark-covered long houses

27. IROQUOIS LEAGUE (Nation)
Algonquian groups:
Onondaga
Seneca
Cayuga
Mohawk
Oneida
1500 “Great Peace” created a “Nation”
Wrote a constitution and established a “Grand Council”

28. Peoples of the Southeast
Trail of Tears
1838
Forced removal of Cherokee
Appr. 4,000 died on journey