1. The Body’s Physical Systems
Chapter 2

2. The Neuron

3. Neural Communication

4. Neural Communication Neurotransmitter Receiving cell molecule membrane
Receptor site on
receiving neuron
Agonist mimics
effects
Antagonist
blocks

6. CNS: Forebrain Telencephalon Diencephalon Corpus callosum
Limbic System
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Thalamus & Hypothalamus

7. The Limbic System

8. Brain stem

9. The Cerebral Cortex

10. The Nervous System Central (brain and spinal cord) Nervous system
Autonomic (controls
self-regulated action of
internal organs and glands)
Skeletal (controls
voluntary movements of
skeletal muscles)
Sympathetic
(arousing)
Parasympathetic
(calming)
Peripheral

11. Sympathetic Nervous system

12. Parasympathetic Nervous System

13. The Endocrine System

14. The Digestive System

15. The Digestive System Disorders
Peptic Ulcers
sores usually in the duodenum
Hepatitis
Viral inflammation of the liver
Cirrhosis
Cancer

16. Metabolism Basal Metabolic Rate Exercise Metabolic Rate
Dietary Thermogenesis

17. The Cardiovascular System
Heart
Myocardium
Atria and Ventricles
Blood and Blood Flow

18. 18

20. Blood Pressure Systole & Diastole Fluid Dynamics
Systolic: max force from  contraction
Diastolic: pressure between  contractions
Fluid Dynamics
Cardiac output
Blood volume
Peripheral resistance
Elasticity of vessels
Viscosity of blood

21. Blood Pressure Other factors that affect BP Hypertension Emotions: SNS
Environmental Temperature
Activity levels
Hypertension
<140 mmHg systolic, <90 mmHg diastolic
Risk factors
family Hx
body weight
age
gender
race

22. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
Atherosclerosis
Ateriosclerosis
Myocardial Infarction
Angina Pectoris
Stroke
Aneurism

23. Immune System Organs of the immune system
lymphocytes: white blood cells
from lymphatic or lymphoid organs:
bone marrow
thymus
lymph nodes
spleen
originate in bone marrow, migrate to thymus, mature into leukocytes
lymph nodes capture antigens and hold lymphocytes
lymph vessels ultimately empty into blood supply
can spread cancer cells
spleen filters blood

24. Soldiers of the Immune System
White blood cells
phagocytes: nonspecific immunity
macrophages and monocytes
lymphocytes: respond to specific antigens
T-cells: cell-mediated immunity
Killer T cells
Helper T cells
Memory T cells
Suppressor T cells

25. Soldiers of the Immune System
B-cells: antibody-mediated immunity
B-cells become plasma cells which produce antibodies (immunoglobulins - Ig)
Ig’s attach to antigen and identify it for destruction
Memory B-cells

26. The Immune Response Primary vs. Secondary Response
First lines of defense
skin
mucous membranes of respiratory and digestive tracts
Next: non-specific and specific immune processes
phagocytes, B-cells, helper T-cells destroy antigen
Finally: killer T-cells destroy invaded cells

27. Auto-immune Diseases Rheumatoid arthritis: joints
Rheumatic fever: heart muscle
Multiple Sclerosis: myelin
Lupus erythematosus: skin and kidneys
Narcolepsy: “sleep attacks”