1. The Heart

2. “Diseases” of the heart Hypertension
Outline
Basic Anatomy
Valves of the heart
“Diseases” of the heart
Hypertension

3. Your body has about 6 quarts of blood
Quick heart facts
Size of a fist
Your body has about 6 quarts of blood
Goes through your body every 20 seconds
In one day, your blood travels 12,000 miles
Your heart beats about 100,000 times a day!

11. Heart valves Heart sounds  “lub dub” Basically doors Right side
Tricuspid and pulmonic
Left side
Mitral and aortic
Heart sounds  “lub dub”
Murmurs
Stenosis (can’t open well)
Regurgitation (can’t close well)

12. Aortic Stenosis

13. Chest Pain Cardiovascular Respiratory Gastrointestinal Chest Wall
Psychological
ETC

14. Heart attack basics The heart needs oxygen and nutrients
Two large coronary arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the heart
If one of these arteries or branches become blocked
 ISCHEMIA
If ischemia lasts for a long time
Heart tissue dies
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (HEART ATTACK)

15. Over time, cholesterol and a fatty material called plaque can build up on the walls inside blood vessels that take blood to your heart, called arteries. This makes it harder for blood to flow freely. Most heart attacks happen when a piece of this plaque breaks off. A blood clot forms around the broken-off plaque, and it blocks the artery.

16. Signs and symptoms of a heart attack
Angina – chest pain that is provoked by ischemia
Blood flow is restored
Pain goes away
Pain radiates down the left arm (sometimes to the back)
Shortness of breath
Dizziness
Nausea
Sweating
Fainting spells
Heartburn
Stomach pain

18. Atrial Fibrillation (A fib)
Abnormal heart rhythm
Rapid heart beat
Very irregular
Many people have no symptoms
Others  heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath etc
Increases your risk for stroke and other blood clots!

20. Blood pressure Systolic and Diastolic Depends on 3 things Heart Rate
Calcium channel blockers
Beta blockers
Volume
Diuretics
Resistance
Vasodilators (i.e. nitro)

21. Definition changes over time Currently 140/90 (or 150/90?)
What is Hypertension?
Arbitrary definition
Definition changes over time
Currently 140/90 (or 150/90?)
Controversial topic

24. Causes of high blood pressure
Some have a specific medical cause
Pregnancy, drugs, blood vessel problems etc
For most people, there is no specific medical cause
Primary or essential hypertension

26. Causes of essential hypertension
High BMI mmHg
High alcohol intake mmHg
High salt intake mmHg
Low potassium intake 5 mmHg
Low fiber and/or high fat diet 2-5 mmHg
Physical inactivity mmHg
Stress variable

27. No special foods This plan recommends: DASH Diet
vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
fat-free or low-fat
Limiting saturated fat
Limiting Coca-Cola etc and sweets.

29. Approximate SBP Reduction
Modification
Approximate SBP Reduction
(range)
Weight Reduction
5-10 mmHg/10-15 lbs
Adopt DASH eating plan
8-14 mmHg
Dietary sodium reduction
2-8 mmHg
Physical activity
4-9 mmHg
Moderation of alcohol consumption
2–4 mmHg

30. How does HTN Affect Various Organs
Hypertension

31. Stroke Rates by Blood Pressure Level

32. Limit your alcohol and smoking! Exercise! Watch your diet
Things you can do!
Limit your alcohol and smoking!
Exercise!
Watch your diet
Come to blood pressure clinic!
Talk to your SASH team!