1. Exercise measurements

2. Bell Work Define BMI in your own words.
What are body fat calculations measuring?
In order to gain 1 pound of body weight per week, the consumption of an additional _____calories per day is needed.
What weighs more? Muscle or Fat?
1lb. per week should be lost if ____fewer calories per day is eaten than normally

3. BMI
BMI is defined as a person’s height (measured in meters) divided by the square of the persons weight (measured in kilograms)
This gives a unit of kg/m2 but units are usually not included
BMI criteria are as follows:
Underweight = 18.5
Healthy =
Overweight =
Obese = >30

4. Body Composition Fat mass Fat-free or lean body mass
Body Composition: Refers to all of the components that make up the body
Divided into 2 main categories:
Fat mass
Fat-free or lean body mass
Includes muscle, bone, fluids, and organs
Most athletes are interested in the ratio of fat mass to total body mass which is commonly expressed as body fat percentage

5. Standard
22) Understand principles of, and successfully perform skills related to, biometric measurements, incorporating rubrics from National HOSA guidelines, textbooks, or clinical standards of practice for the following:
BMI
i. How to calculate ii. Importance of knowing iii. Myths and misconceptions
b. Body fat percentage calculations
c. Girth
d. Waist and hip ratio
e. Resting Heart rate
f. Resting Blood pressure
g. Resting Respiratory rate

6. Objectives By the end of class, students will be able to:
Differentiate the methods for exercise physiology measurements
Understand vital signs and how to take
Heart Rate
Respiratory Rate
Blood Pressure
Temperature

7. Measuring Tape Position for Waist (Abdominal) Circumference
Measuring Girth
Measuring Tape Position for Waist (Abdominal) Circumference

8. Waist and Hip ratio
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the ratio of your waist circumference to your hip circumference
Calculated by dividing the waist circumference by the hip circumference
Measurement tool that looks at the proportion of fat stored on your waist, and hips and buttocks.
Weight concentrated around the middle is often referred to as an “apple” shape; whereas, weight concentrated around your hips is referred to as a “pear” shape.

9. Pear vs. Apple Shaped Body

10. Waist to hip ratio
In many cases, persons with extra weight located around the middle are at higher risk for diseases such as heart disease and diabetes than those who carry weight around their hips and thighs.
Abdominal fat, when out of proportion to total body fat, may be considered an indicator of health risks. A waist circumference measurement of over 35 inches in women and over 40 inches in men may increase risk because of the fat distribution.
It’s much better to carry weight as subcutaneous fat in the hips and thighs than as visceral fat in the belly. 
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is more often used as the standard tool to measure overweight and obesity than the WHR.

11. Waist to Hip Ratio
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
For men, a ratio of .90 or less is considered safe. For women, a ratio of .80 or less is considered safe.
For both men and women, a WHR of 1.0 or higher is considered “at risk” for heart disease and other problems associated with being overweight.

12. Vital Signs
Temperature
Pulse
Respirations
Blood Pressure

13. PULSE
The wave of blood created by the heart pumping, that travels along the arteries.

14. FIND WHERE TO PULSES
At points where the artery is between finger tips and a bony area
Called pulse points
Felt with 2-3 fingers, but never the thumb

15. PULSE POINTS AND THEIR LOCATIONS
Temporal
Carotid
Apical
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsal Pedalis

16. HOW TO MEASURE? Measured in beats per minute
Count the waves for 60 seconds
Or, count the waves for 30 seconds - multiply by 2

17. NORMS Pulse norms are 60 - 100 beats per minute
Pulses between are in a gray area - high normal
Faster than tachycardia
Slower than 60 - bradycardia

18. QUALITY OF PULSE Rhythm: regular or irregular
Rate: Within the normal limits
Strength: Strong, bounding, thready

19. WHAT AFFECTS PULSE RATES AND QUALITY
Body Temperature
Emotions
Activity Level
Health of the Heart

20. RESPIRATION
The mechanical act of breathing in air (inspiration) and expelling air (expiration) from the body

21. Measuring Respirations
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22. RESPIRATION Measured in breaths per minute
Normal range is breaths per minute
Greater than 24 is tachypnea
Less than 12 is bradypnea
Watch for rate, depth, quality of breath, and difficulty in breathing

23. ABBREVIATIONS SOB - Short of breath WNL – Within Normal Limits
P.O. - By mouth
BID -Twice a day
TID -Three times a day
QID - Four times a day
QD - Every day
PRN - As needed
B/P - Blood Pressure
VS - Vital Signs

24. ABBREVIATIONS
SOB PO
WNL
BID
TID
QID QD
PRN
B/P VS

25. TERMS Eupnea - Normal breathing
Orthopnea - Sitting upright to breath more easily
Apnea - No breath
Hyperpnea - Fast, deep breathing
Tachypnea - Fast, shallow breathing
Bradypnea - Slow breathing
Dyspnea - Painful or difficult breathing
Tachycardia - Pulse rate in excess of 100 bpm
Bradycardia - pulse rate less than 60 bpm

26. TERMS Eupnea Orthopnea Apnea Hyperpnea Tachypnea Bradypnea Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Bradycardia

27. TERMS Eupnea Orthopnea Apnea Hyperpnea Tachypnea Bradypnea Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Bradycardia

28. TERMS Normal Breathing Sitting upright to breath more easily
Fast, deep breathing
Fast, shallow breathing
Slow breathing
Painful or difficult breathing
Pulse rate in excess of 100 beats per minute
Pulse rate less that 60 beats per minute

29. Blood Pressure

30. Blood Pressure Video
Blood pressure is the strength of your blood pushing against the sides of your blood vessels.
When your heart beats, it pumps blood round your body to give it the energy and oxygen it needs.
As the blood moves, it pushes against the sides of the blood vessels. The strength of this pushing is your blood pressure.
If your blood pressure is too high, it puts extra strain on your arteries (and your heart) and this may lead to heart attacks and strokes.
medicine/circulatory-system#blood-pressure-ddp

31. Blood Pressure Force /surface area = Blood Pressure
Measured in Millimeters of Mercury (mmHg), ex 120/80
Measuring the Brachial Artery from your arm
Systole – top Number (heart is squeezing)
Diastole – Bottom number (heart is refilling)

32. Understanding Blood Pressure
system#blood-pressure-ddp

33. How to take a Blood Pressure
Tools: Stethoscope, Blood Pressure cuff Silence – Noise = Turbulent Flow = Systolic Pressure Noise – Silence = Laminar Flow (blood flows so smoothly) = Diastolic Blood Pressure

34. How to take BP manually