1. The CIRCULATORY System
Unit 3
Transportation Systems

2. Functions of the Circulatory System
Transportation of
nutrients and waste
heat
oxygen and carbon dioxide
hormones
antibodies

3. Structures of the Circulatory System

4. Heart Location and Structures
The heart is found in the Thoracic Cavity between the lungs, slightly left of center.
The base is the broad flat top of the heart
The apex is the pointy bottom of the heart
Coronary arteries and veins run blood to and from the myocardium

5. Heart Hollow organ Pumps blood throughout the body
Three layers: endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium
Four chambers
Right and left atria
Right and left ventricles
Four valves
Bicuspid (mitral), tricuspid, pulmonary and aortic semilunars
Major blood vessels
Arteries, veins, and capillaries

6. Layers of the Heart Endocardium
Inside lining, covers all walls and valves
Made of epithelial and connective tissues
Important because of the volume of blood that flows through the heart
Myocardium
Bulk of the heart
Made of cardiac muscle
Thickest around left ventricle
Pericardium
Serous membrane around the heart
Has a visceral and parietal layer

7. The 4 Chambers of the Heart
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Receives blood from veins;
pumps to right ventricle.
Receives blood from lungs;
pumps to left ventricle.
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Pumps blood through the
aorta to the body.
Pumps blood to the lungs.

8. The 4 Valves Bicuspid / Mitral Between left atrium and ventricle
Has two flaps
Tricuspid
Between right atrium and ventricle
Has three flaps
Pulmonary Semilunar
From the right ventricle leading to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
Aortic Semilunar
From the left ventricle leading to the body through the aorta

9. The Anatomy of the Heart

10. Conduction System
The heart has it’s own electrical system that controls the rhythm of heart contractions.
SA Node (pacemaker of the heart)
Atrium contract
Impulse excites AV node
AV Node
Bundle of HIS
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
Ventricles contract
conduction system in the heart

11. Blood Vessels Closed system for flow of blood Three types of vessels:
Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins C a p i l r y b e d V n A t o s u v

12. Blood Vessels Arteries Take blood away from the heart
Under high pressure
Used to take pulses
Squirt when cut
Veins
Take blood towards the heart
Have valves to help push blood against gravity
Constant flow when cut
Capillaries
Between arteries and veins
Only one cell thick to allow gas and nutrient exchange
So tiny only one blood cell at a time can go through

13. Pulses
The pulse is caused by the contraction of the left ventricle and the wave of blood that it pushes into the arteries
Common Pulses
Carotid
Radial

14. Blood Pressure Has two parts: Systolic Diastolic
Measures the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts
The top number
Diastolic
Measures the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is relaxed and filling
The bottom number

15. Blood Provides vital transportation for the body Four components
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Carry O2 and CO2
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Fight disease
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Clot blood
Plasma
Fluid part the others travel in

16. Diseases and Disorders
Circulatory System

17. Anemia
Blood disorder where capacity of the blood to transport oxygen is decreased
Usually red blood cell count is diminished
Causes:
Internal bleeding, vitamin deficiencies, decreased RBC production, increase in RBC destruction by spleen
Symptoms:
Fatigue, chest pain, skin pallor, increased heart rate, difficulty breathing

18. Heart Attack (myocardial infarction)
Coronary artery or a branch of the coronary artery is blocked
Symptoms:
Chest pain
Crushing pressure behind the breastbone and chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen, shoulder or left arm
Nausea
Vomiting
Difficulty breathing
Anxiety or fear

19. High Blood Pressure (hypertension)
Blood pressure is chronically elevated
Can contribute to coronary artery disease, strokes, kidney failure, and sudden rupture of the aorta
Sustained systolic blood pressure of over 140 or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of over 90 is considered hypertension
Usually there are no symptoms other than a mild headache

20. Atherosclerosis
Build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of arteries
Restricts the flow of blood
Fats and other particles combine to form plaque
Calcium can be deposited by plaque and cause the area to harden

21. CIRCULATORY CAREERS

22. EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN
Provide emergency, pre-hospital care to victims of accidents, injuries and sudden illness
Skills include care for shock, burns, wounds, bleeding, fractures, airway obstructions, CPR, childbirth, rescue trapped persons, MORE advanced EMTs interpret electrocardiograms, administer IVs, and intubation
Salary- $35,000-50,000

23. EMT LEVELS EMT- Basic EMT- Intermediate EMT- Paramedic
120 classroom training- 10 hours clinical
EMT- Intermediate
Additional 54 classroom training
EMT- Paramedic
Additional 610 classroom training, 596 clinical hours
EMT Anthem
Fun EMT Anthem

24. SURGICAL TECHNICIAN Work under supervision of nurses or physicians
Prepare patients for surgery, set up instruments, equipment, and sterilize supplies, assist during surgery by passing instruments to surgeons
12-15 month program (DATC)
$12-25/hour
What Surgical Techs DO

25. CARDIOLOGIST
Doctors are trained to diagnose, treat and manage patients with cardiovascular disease
Must complete undergraduate, medical school, residency, internship and fellowship
Salary- $150,000++/
Cardiothoracic Surgeons- $350,000++
CABG
Cath Lab and Angioplasty

26. PHLEBOTOMIST Collect blood and prepare it for testing
Training includes 6 weeks of classroom and hospital training (3 weeks of each)
$10 per hour

27. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM TECH
Operate ECG machines
ECGs- record electrical impulses from heart
Perform stress tests and diagnostic tests for heart disease
1 year certificate program
Salary- $12/hour
Stress Test
Stress Test 2

28. Vocabulary- word parts
Hem/o- blood
Cardi/o- heart
Arteri/o- arteries
Thromb/o- clot
Angi/o- lymph or blood vessel
Erythr/o- red
Leuk/o- white

29. Vocabulary- word parts
Brady- slow
Tachy- fast
- rrhea – flow or discharge
- emia – blood
-penia – decrease or deficiency
-rrhagia -rupture

30. Abbreviations P- pulse BP- blood pressure CBC- complete blood count
CPR- cardiopulmonary resuscitation
MI- myocardial infarction (heart attack)
RBC- red blood cell
WBC- white blood cell
EKG/ECG – electrocardiogram

31. Vocabulary Arrhythmia- irregular heart beat
Circulation- movement in a regular or circular motion
Murmur- abnormal heart sound caused by valve defect
Palpitation – a rapid fluttering pulsation
Varicose veins- enlarged bulging superficial vein
Systolic- contraction of a heart chamber
Diastolic- relaxation of a heart chamber