1. The Era of Good Feelings
Struggles of a Young Nation,

2. The War of 1812

3. What was the War of 1812?
Conflict resulted from shifting relationships between USA and England during the Napoleonic Wars
Macon’s Bill No. 2
Authorized President to intervene in trade
Napoleon convinces President Madison to halt trade with England
War Hawks – Henry Clay (KY) and John Calhoun (SC)
Aggressive expansionists and nationalists

4. Battle of Tippecanoe
1795 – 1804 – Indians in Old Northwest gave up 48 million acres to American settlers
Tecumseh – began confederacy of Indian tribes against US territorial expansion
November 7, 1811
Indiana Governor, William Henry Harrison leads 900 soldiers against Tecumseh’s forces
The first battle of the War of 1812

6. WAR! War on England declared – June 1, 1812
Avoidable – England was about to repeal trade laws
False hope – Canada’s defenses were much stronger and America’s much weaker than believed
The War,
Great Britain takes offensive – Focus shifts to America after defeat of Napoleon in early 1814
August 1814 – 4000 British soldiers in Chesapeake
British Capture Washington DC and Bombardment of Ft. McHenry
Francis Scott Key – “Star Spangled Banner”

7. First Lady, Dolly Madison saved most of the art form the White House as she escaped
The British burned the White House!

8. End of the War Treaty of Ghent – Signed December 24 1814
Ends War of 1812
Battle of New Orleans – Andrew Jackson
December 23, 1814 – January 8, 1815
Jackson repels much larger British Force (war had already ended)
Hartford Convention – Federalists oppose Treaty of Ghent
Federalist from 5 states consider secession
Effectively ends the Federalist party

9. Andrew Jackson becomes a
National Hero
Federalists are viewed as
Traitors!

10. Beginning of the Era of Good Feeling
Madison’s Annual Message 1815
Fund National Defense
Frigates for the navy
Standing army and Federal control of militia
Federal aid for “internal improvements”
Protective tariff
Re-establishing national Bank
Federal assumption of state debt
James Monroe, Madison’s Sec. of State easily wins Presidency in 1816
Implements new “American System” of 1815 address

11. The Era of Good feeling

12. It’s mostly sarcastic Single party rule Economic Sectionalism
Federalists are gone, Democratic Republicans assume many Federalist ideas.
This leads to A LOT of political infighting
Economic Sectionalism
North – Industry and Commerce
South – Large plantation and Small farms
Foreign Affairs – John Quincy Adams, Sec. of State
49th Parallel - new Border of Canada
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) Spain gives USA Florida

13. John Marshall’s Court
It’s the Supreme Court

14. Marshall Continues to define role of Supreme Court
Cohen v. Virginia (1821) – SCOTUS could review State courts in Constitutional Matters
Dartmouth College (1819) – Protected private property from state interference
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – Court affirmed the Constitutionality of national Bank
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – Broadened definition of “Interstate Commerce” from Art. 1, Sec. 8 of Constitution

15. Marshall and the American System
A stronger, centralized federal government
Marshall is still a Federalist long after the party has disappeared
Interpretation of Constitution shapes politics
Chief Justice,

16. Missouri Compromise
Slavery becomes the political issue of the age

17. Slavery Question in South and West
Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin – 1793
Guarantees Slavery will remain primary labor system in South
Expansion of Slavery?
TN and KY already western slave states
Missouri applies for statehood in 1819 as a slave state, upsetting the Slave/Free balance in the Senate and House
The Expansion of slavery will remain the most difficult political issue through the civil war

18. The Cotton Gin mechanically separates the
Eli Whitney
The Cotton Gin mechanically separates the
Cotton boll from seeds. This allowed cotton to
become the major cash crop across South.

19. Missouri Compromise, 1820
Missouri Compromise is the product of negotiations in Congress led by Henry Clay (KY)
Missouri entered as slave state
Maine as a free state
36°30’ latitude border of slaver (below=slave, above=free)
More a truce than a compromise – the issue of slavery unresolved
“A fire-bell in the night… the death knell of the Union.” Thomas Jefferson

21. The Monroe Doctrine
Foreign Policy

22. Foreign Affairs
President Monroe and Sec. of State John Quincy Adams believed the Executive branch should be in charge of Foreign affairs
British Prime Minister George Canning wanted a public alliance between England and the United States
Neither would assist European nations in maintaining colonies in Western Hemisphere (South America)
This led to a new statement of American foreign policy

23. The Monroe Doctrine, 1823
Western hemisphere closed to European colonization
Any attempt to colonize the Western Hemisphere was an attack on America
America would not involve itself in European affairs
Europe must recognize the newly formed Republics in the Western Hemisphere