1. Chapter 9 Growth of a Nation

2. ____________held Canada to the north.
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
Setting the Scene
____________held Canada to the north.
___________owned Florida & Mexico to the south.
_____________ held all the land of Louisiana to the west.

3. Triumphs for the Democratic-Republicans
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
Triumphs for the Democratic-Republicans
Came to power in the election of 1800 with __________________________.
favored a limited central government & __________ governments could best handle matters.
Those who worked the soil, _____________, would be the best & most virtuous citizens.
viewed Jefferson’s victory as one for the __________________& small government.

4. Thomas Jefferson was the first President to be inaugurated in ___________________the nation’s new capital.

5. Creation of the Capital
____________________- 1st architect of Washington D.C.
The _________ Building would be at the center.
Streets numbered north to south & lettered east to west.

6. Creation of the Capital
L’Enfant is replaced with __________________.
Ellicott is assisted by a free black man, Benjamin Banneker.

7. Reversing _________________ Policies
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Reversing _________________ Policies
Allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire.
Congress repealed the _________________ Act.
opposed a standing army and navy, instead relied on state militias (cheaper)
repealed the _________________ of 1801
Many midnight judges never served.
challenged several sitting Federalist judges based on political differences

8. Reversing Federalist Policies Sought to impeach _____________ judges
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Reversing Federalist Policies
Sought to impeach _____________ judges
defeated in his attempt to remove ______________ from the Supreme Court

9. Conquering the _________________
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
Conquering the _________________
Small Muslim countries in N. Africa, (the Barbary States) challenged America.
They demanded annual tribute ($____ million) in order to trade in the Mediterranean.
Jefferson refused to pay.

10. Conquering the Barbary Pirates
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Conquering the Barbary Pirates
The pasha (ruler) of ____________ declared war on the U.S.
Jefferson sent Commodore Richard Dale & Stephen Decatur to protect U.S. interests.
They attempted a _______________
1804, Decatur sailed into Tripoli’s harbor & seized the American ship ________________, which had been captured.
Decatur rather than let Tripoli keep the ship, _______________ it.
The Tripolitan War increased foreign respect for the U.S.

11. The ____________________________
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The ____________________________
Port of _________________was vital to the U.S.
Nearly _______ of U.S. trade passed through the Spanish owned port.
1800 Spain gave Louisiana back to _________.
Jefferson sought to buy New Orleans and East and West Florida from France (led by Napoleon).

12. The Louisiana Purchase
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The Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson suspected that ________________was planning a New World empire.
French troops were stationed in ________(easy launching point into N. America)
French troops moved to ___________ awaiting to cross the Atlantic.

13. The Louisiana Purchase
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
The Louisiana Purchase
__________________ , U.S. ambassador to France, was instructed to try to buy New Orleans & Florida.
Jefferson preps for _______ with France.

14. Events that forced Napoleon to sale Louisiana
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Events that forced Napoleon to sale Louisiana
_____________ epidemic in Haiti, ½ troops died
_________ stranded his army in Holland.
Napoleon reasoned he should defeat Britain 1st, controlling the seas & then handle a divided America.
The $ he needed to fight Britain would come from the sale of Louisiana.

15. The Louisiana Purchase
French foreign minister Talleyrand countered by offering the entire Louisiana Territory for $___ million.
Robert Livingston had gone beyond his original instructions when he bought the Louisiana Territory.
Jefferson hesitated briefly before sending the money because the _______________ did not give the power to purchase land for the nation.
Livingston = American Ambassador to France
Purchased for $15 Million

16. The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson was forced to choose between:
The rule of __________
The ______________ of America
He called _____________ into a special session & ask for the purchase
_____________________, U.S. raised the Stars & Stripes over Louisiana.
Livingston = American Ambassador to France
Purchased for $15 Million

17. Benefits of the Louisiana Territory
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
Benefits of the Louisiana Territory
nearly ____________ the size of the United States
_______ million acres (about 3 cents per acre)
added _______________(raw materials, minerals, agricultural products)
land for _____________

18. The ______________________
Meriwether Lewis- Jefferson’s secretary, led the first 2 expeditions.
He chose William Clark to assist based on his wilderness experience (surveying, mapmaking, & naturalist)

19. The Lewis and Clark Expedition purpose
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The Lewis and Clark Expedition
purpose
make careful ___________ on the geology, botany, and zoology of the region
gather information on natives they met
search for the source of the Missouri River
Seek ___________ of British troops
report on any commercial possibilities

20. The Lewis and Clark Expedition Congress approved an expense of $2,500.
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
Congress approved an expense of $2,500.
Trip actually cost $____________
Lewis & Clark also received 1600 acres.

21. Lewis & Clark Expedition
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
Lewis & Clark Expedition
At Fort Mandan (ND), a French fur trapper named Charbonneau joined the expedition.
Charbonneau’s wife: Shoshone Indian guide and interpreter: ______________________
She had been stolen from her tribe.
Expedition needed horses, met with Shoshone chief (her brother)
Expedition accomplishments
discovered countless plants, animals (including the grizzly bear), and Indian tribes
spurred interest in the West

22. Lewis & Clark Expedition
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
Lewis & Clark Expedition
The expedition split up to explore the two branches of the Missouri River on the return trip.
_________ navigated the upper Missouri
__________ followed the Yellowstone River.

23. The _______________________ Zebulon Pike led the 2nd expedition
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The _______________________
Zebulon Pike led the 2nd expedition
1805: searched for the source of the Mississippi
Informed the British that the American flag flew over the Louisiana Territory.
1806-7: explored the Arkansas River & Spanish-held territories
Explored the Rockies and the Rio Grande
Spanish captured him on the Rio Grande

24. Troubles for the Growing Nation
Jefferson ran for reelection in ________.
He dropped ________ from V.P.

25. Troubles for the Growing Nation
___________________
Vice-president in 1800, ignored by President Jefferson.
Ran for governor of New York, Alexander Hamilton campaigned for Burr’s opponent.
Killed ____________________ in a duel (Hamilton fired into the air)
Tried to set up an empire in Louisiana and planned on setting up an empire in Mexico
Charged with treason, never convicted
Died in disgrace

26. __________________________
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
__________________________
Great Britain and France were at war and the United States sought to capitalize economically by trading with both.
The war developed into a stalemate, so both countries attempted to destroy the other’s economy.
U.S. gets caught up in the strategy

27. British and French Actions British blockaded all French ports.
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
British and French Actions
British blockaded all French ports.
____________________: forbade any neutral nation from trading in Europe without first being inspected by Great Britain
French then blockaded British ports.
____________________: neutral ships trading with Britain or obeying the Orders in Council could be seized.

28. The __________________ and the Leopard
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
The __________________ and the Leopard
British sailors were deserting and some were joining the U.S. Navy.
One deserter, Jenkin Ratford, served on the Chesapeake.
Ratford insults his old officers while on shore leave.
The H.M.S. Leopard attempted to search the U.S.S. Chesapeake for deserters (impressment) and fired on it when refused.
Created tension

29. The Chesapeake and the Leopard
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
The Chesapeake and the Leopard
The Chesapeake affair stirred a desire for war
Jefferson chose an ________________ plan: the U.S. would withhold goods & close ports to British & French

30. The _______________________
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
The _______________________
Jefferson asked Congress to enact an embargo
_______________: a stop on all exports from the United States, prohibited free trade with Europe
This hurt the _______ more than Britain
Jefferson signed a new law in 1809 before leaving office

31. Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nationpp
________________ Act
partially lifted the embargo and only restricted trade with France and Great Britain
Leaders realize a need for a strong ________.

32. Difficulties for Madison
The Embargo Act of 1807 proved to be the most important issue in the election of 1808.
Jefferson’s support helped __________________ (Secretary of State) win the presidency.
Defeated Charles Pinckney

33. _____________ Stirrings
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
_____________ Stirrings
American settlers in Indiana came under repeated Indian attacks, which they blamed on the English and the Canadians.
Actually, Americans had treated the Indians unfairly with treaties that took away Indian land.

34. _______________________: “the hero of Tippecanoe”
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Indian Stirrings
___________________: Shawnee Chief, organized Indian tribes into a confederation in order to stop America’s westward expansion
He & his brother gained a large following & established Prophetstown along the _____________________ River (aided by British troops & supplies)
_______________________: “the hero of Tippecanoe”
Defeated Tecumseh at Tippecanoe

35. 1811, General William Henry Harrison marched to Prophetstown
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Indian Stirrings
1811, General William Henry Harrison marched to Prophetstown
Burned the village but failed to capture Tecumseh
_______________ joined the British in Canada & died in 1812 in the Battle of the Thames River

36. central issues that aroused thoughts of war
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
The War of 1812
central issues that aroused thoughts of war
________________
neutral rights at sea
_____________ interference with Indians along the American frontier

37. Work of the __________________
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
Work of the __________________
A group of 40 western & southern representatives formed a coalition in Congress.
led by ____________of Kentucky
United by their strong ____________________
pushed for war with Britain
pushed for a stronger defense

38. The United States declared war on Great Britain on ________________
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
A Declaration of War
U.S./Britain relations worsened because of British blockade & stopping American ships.
____________ was weakened by the loss of trade was ready to suspend its Order in Council (June 16th).
The United States declared war on Great Britain on ________________
If ___________________ had been better, war would have been avoided.

39. __________________________ small army and navy (6,700) lack of funds
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
__________________________
small army and navy (6,700)
lack of funds
poor communication networks
poor leadership

40. Election of 1812
James Madison was supported during the War of 1812.
He won the reelection in 1812.

41. Fighting the War in the ___________: The War in 1812
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Fighting the War in the ___________: The War in 1812
Original U.S. plan was to attack ______________
Fort Dearborn (Chicago) fell to the British & the U.S. lost much of the Northwest.

42. Fighting the War in the North: The War in 1812
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Fighting the War in the North: The War in 1812
U.S. met defeat on the Niagara peninsula, Queenstown, & New York (NY militia failed to cooperate)
U.S. had success at sea
U.S.S. Constitution nicknamed “_________________________” defeated the Guerriere
United States defeated the Macedonian

43. Fighting for the ___________________: The War in 1813
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Fighting for the ___________________: The War in 1813
William Henry Harrison was losing land battles because the British controlled the Great Lakes.
________________________
built a naval base on Lake Erie
forced the British from the Great Lakes
Perry wrote to General Harrison, “We have met the enemy, and they are ours!”
drove the British out the Northwest

44. Invasions in the ___________: The War in 1814
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Invasions in the ___________: The War in 1814
British successfully defeated the French in Europe (now focused on the U.S.)

45. Invasions in the East: The War in 1814
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Invasions in the East: The War in 1814
British massed troops at Montreal & moved southward using Lake Champlain.
_____________ goal: move down the Hudson River, take NY & cut off New England.
2nd Goal: move into the _______________ Bay, focusing then on Washington D.C.
British successfully drove the militia back, leaving the _________________ open to attack

46. Invasions in the East: The War in 1814
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Invasions in the East: The War in 1814
_____________ & President ____________ fled across the Potomac River to VA
The British captured and burned every government building in Washington, D. C. (except for the Patent Office)
________________: saved 2 trunks of her husband’s papers & the silver.
The last thing she saved was the painting of ________________________(servant cut the canvas & rolled it. Today it hangs in the East Room of the White House)

47. Invasions in the East: The War in 1814
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
Invasions in the East: The War in 1814
British launch a joint land-sea attack on ________________.
British navy fired on __________________.
The British were unable to take Fort McHenry.

48. Invasions in the East: The War in 1814
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
Invasions in the East: The War in 1814
________________________ wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner.“
One of the American prisoners was a local physician, William Beanes.
Key a lawyer in Washington, D.C., knew Beanes & was asked to help with his release.
Key visited the British fleet in Chesapeake Bay & arranged for Beanes to be released.
But the British began the attack on Fort McHenry
Key watched the bombardment from the harbor throughout the night of September 13-14, 1814
At dawn he saw the flag was still waving.

49. The Battle of _____________________
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
The Battle of _____________________
3rd prong of the British attack:
Andrew Jackson: rushed troops from Baton Rouge to save the city of New Orleans.
British attacked twice in January 1815, but were repelled by Jackson’s troops
Battle of New Orleans: biggest American victory of the war (fought after the war had officially ended)
_____________________ became the “Hero of New Orleans”

50. The Treaty of ____________, 1814
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The Treaty of ____________, 1814
The American delegation was led by John Quincy Adams.
The Treaty of ________________ Eve
Ended the War of 1812
It failed to settle the key issue – __________________at sea.

51. gained international _______________
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Results of the War of 1812
gained international _______________
inspired a sense of _______________, pride and patriotism for America
created new national heroes (Jackson & Harrison)
developed much of their own __________

52. ended conflict between France and Britain (Napoleon is defeated)
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp
Results of the War of 1812
ended conflict between France and Britain (Napoleon is defeated)
affected both political parties
_______________ party died out.
The Democratic-Republicans began favoring a _____________ federal government.

53. The ____________________
A key event in the decline of the Federalist Party.
Met in Hartford, Connecticut for 3 weeks in the winter of to discuss a course of action (opposed the war)
Some talked of _______________ from the U.S.

54. The Hartford Convention
Proposals:
The ________________be changed to restrict the president to 1 term & to require that a territory receive approval from 2/3 of Congress before being admitted as a state.
Repeal the _______________ Compromise
Ban __________________ citizens from holding office