1. James Madison and the War of 1812
Chapter 8

2. JAMES MADISON Inaugurated March, 1809 “Virginia Dynasty”
Strong Jeffersonian-Republican

3. MADISON’S AGENDA Jeffersonian Democracy:
Dismantles the Bank (1811) (Back again in 1816!)
2/3 of Congress ousted in 1816 (pay raise!)
Madison vetoes Bonus Bill of 1817 (internal improvements)

4. ELECTION OF 1808

5. MACON’S Bill # 2 Replace Non – Intercourse Act of 1809
Purpose  U.S. would embargo nations that didn’t sign
Napoleon agrees (kind of):
Secretly hoped U.S. would go to war with Britain
Madison accepts France’s commitment
Gives Britain 3 months to sign.
Napoleon: no real intention of honoring it.

6. WAR HAWKS New young leaders from South & West: Henry Clay (Kentucky)
Strongly Nationalistic
“Prove” nation through war
“Great Triumvirate”
Henry Clay (Kentucky)
Speaker of House
John C. Calhoun
(South Carolina)

7. BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE November 7, 1811
Western War Hawks: ‘wipe out Native resistance’
Tecumseh & The Prophet:
Shawnee Brothers
Confederacy of tribes E of Miss.
Settlers push further West after victory.
War Hawks: attack Canada to remove leftover Indian threats?

8. DANIEL WEBSTER Federalist (NH)
Gifted orator, spoke against war with Britain
New England manufacturing interests
Helped defeat Madison’s proposed ‘conscription law’.

9. WHY ENGLAND & NOT FRANCE?
WAR OF 1812
U.S. DECLARES WAR ON BRITAIN JUNE 18, 1812.
NEW ENGLAND & MIDDLE STATES OPPOSE WAR
U.S. vastly unprepared.
WHY ENGLAND & NOT FRANCE?
WAR HAWKS PUSH MADISON.
REPUBLICAN PARTIALITY TOWARDS FRANCE.
IMPRESSMENT & ARMING INDIANS.
CHESAPEAKE – LEOPARD AFFAIR.
Canada, eh.

10. WAR OF 1812 Highlights of the war:
1. Americans invade Canada (disastrous).
2. British invade New York.
3. Burning of the White House – Aug. 1813
4. Battle of the Thames – Oct. 1813
4. Battle of New Orleans – Jan. 1814
5. Treaty of Ghent
6. Democratic-Republicans learn hard lessons about governing!
Napoleon : defeated in Russia (but re-emerges!)

11. BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE September 10, 1813
Admiral Oliver Hazard Perry

12. BATTLE OF THE THAMES October 5, 1813
GEN. WILLIAM HENRY
HARRISON

13. BURNING OF WASHINGTON D.C. AUGUST 24, 1814

14. STAR SPANGLED BANNER FRANCIS SCOTT KEY BATTLE OF BALTIMORE
Fort McHenry

15. BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
4,700 Hodge-Podge Americans defeat 11,000 British Regulars.
GEN. ANDREW JACKSON

16. TREATY OF GHENT ESSENTIALLY AN ARMISTICE.
STOP FIGHTING AND RESTORE CONQUERED TERRITORY.
NO MENTION OF PRE-WAR GRIEVANCES:
IMPRESSMENT
INDIANS
ORDERS IN COUNCIL
AMERICANS RETAIN RIGHT TO FISH OFF CANADA.

17. HARTFORD CONVENTION
NE FEDERALISTS ALMOST SUCCEED IN DEFEATING MADISON IN ELECTION OF 1812.

18. HARTFORD CONVENTION DECEMBER, 1814 – JANUARY 1815
ATTENDED BY MA., CT., RI., PARTIALLY BY NH., & VT.
DISCUSS COMPLAINTS AND SEEK COMPENSATION FROM LOSSES DURING EMBARGO/WAR.
SECESSION AS LAST RESORT
COMPLAINTS SENT TO DC IN JAN., BAD TIMING!

19. Results of the War of 1812 Hartford Convention = Federalists now dead.
We need a bank (after all).
America can handle Europeans (kinda).
America learns to do without European trade (almost).
Nationalism and Expansion.
War heroes!