1. Chapter Three “The Growth of a Young Nation

2. Chapter Three objectives
analyze the Jefferson Era, the Age of Jackson, manifest
destiny, the market revolution, and various reform
movements during the first half of the 19th century

3. Chapter Three Overview
In the first half of the 1800s, the United States grows – adding land and people. The economy grows throughout the nation, but the different regions develop varied ways of life and attitudes.

4. Chapter Three Chapters in Brief answers
Why did Americans fight the British in 1812?
> Britain and France threatened American merchant
ships
> British seized sailors from American ships and
forced them to join the British navy
> British helped Native Americans who fought
settlers in the West

5. Chapter Three Chapters in Brief answers
What three conflicts occurred during the administration
of President Jackson?
> Indian removal / the new tariff / national bank
What events led to the growth of the United States in
1840?
> the agreement with Britain over Oregon
> the annexation of Texas
> the treaty ending the Mexican-American War

6. Chapter Three Chapters in Brief Answers
What reform movements did women participate in
during the early 1800s?
> women worked for abolition, temperance,
improved education, and women’s rights

7. Chapter Three – Section One The Jeffersonian Era

8. Chapters In Brief
Thomas Jefferson won a close and bitter election in 1800 to become president. Jefferson wanted to make the federal government smaller. At the same time, the Supreme Court acted to increase its power. Chief Justice John Marshall wrote the opinion in a critical decision, Marbury v. Madison. This established the principle of judicial review, which granted the Supreme Court authority to decide whether a law was allowed by the Constitution. Jefferson expanded American territory. He bought the vast Louisiana Territory from France. The land stretched from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. The purchase doubled the size of the United States. Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and Clark to explore this territory

9. Chapters In Brief
During Jefferson’s two terms as president, Britain and France fought a war. Both sides threatened American merchant ships. The British also seized sailors from American ships an forced them to join the British navy. In addition, the British helped Native Americans who fought settlers in the West. Anger against Britain rose. Finally in 1812, Congress declared war on Great Britain. In 1814, the Treaty of Ghent ended the war but created no clear winner. The war had important results, though. The Federalist party died out. The war also led Americans to develop their own industries. Finally, it showed that the United States was truly independent of Britain.

10. Chapters In Brief
Americans felt strong national pride in the years after the War of The nation obtained Florida from Spain. In 1823, President James Monroe warned European nations not to interfere with any nation in the Americas. This foreign policy statement became known as the Monroe Doctrine.

11. Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams in the
election of 1800 for the presidency
tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr
decided in the House of Representatives
Jeffersonian Republicanism – theory of government
1. people should control the government
2. simple government best suited people’s needs

12. Thomas Jefferson
1803 case Marbury v. Madison sets up the idea of judicial review
Judicial Review: the ability of the Supreme Court to declare a
law unconstitutional
** Marbury vs. Madison was a ground breaking court case because it established the policy of judicial review **

13. Thomas Jefferson The Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon Bonaparte abandoned his ideas of an American empire in 1803
Napoleon offered to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States
Thomas Jefferson purchased it at a price of $15 million (extended from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains)

14. The Louisiana purchase

15. The war of 1812
James Monroe takes office in 1808
War of 1812
renewed fighting between Britain and France threatened American shipping
America focused anger on Britain due to impressments
Impressment: practice of seizing Americans at sea and “impressing” or
drafting them into the British navy
War ensued in 1812 and ended on Christmas Eve 1814 = Americans lost 

16. ** Three Important Consequences **
War of 1812
** Three Important Consequences **
ended the Federalist Party
encouraged growth of American industries to manufacture products no longer available from Britain because of the war
reasserting of American independence - confirmed that the United States as a free and independent nation

17. Star spangled banner
on September 14, 1814, U.S. soldiers at Baltimore’s Fort McHenry
raised a huge American flag to
celebrate a crucial victory over
British forces during the
War of 1812
the sight of those
“broad stripes and bright stars”
inspired Francis Scott Key to
write a song that eventually became
the United States national anthem

18. Oh, say can you see?

19. James Monroe established the Monroe Doctrine policy
Monroe Doctrine: European countries should not interfere in affairs
of the Western Hemisphere

20. Chapter Three – Section Two The Age of Jackson

21. Chapters In Brief
The New England and Middle Atlantic states began to develop new industries. In the Northwest Territory, farmers thrived. In the South, farmers raised cotton. As the demand for cotton grew, slavery spread in the South. Meanwhile, Northern states gradually abolished slavery. Henry Clay tried to unite the sections with a plan for economic development called the American System. A tariff on imported goods helped American industries grow. The creation of a national bank made a national currency available. The nation built new canals and roads making it easier to move people and goods across the country.

22. Chapters In Brief
Leaders debated whether new states should allow slavery or not. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 seemed to settle the issue by allowing slavery in the Louisiana Territory south of the ’ north latitude line. In 1828, Andrew Jackson became president. His presidential style made him very popular with common people. This popularity became important as the right to vote was expanded to include more people. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which forced Native Americans out of the Southeast. The Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional. Jackson defied the Court, which could not enforce its ruling. The Cherokees were the last to move west.

23. Chapters In Brief
Southern leaders opposed tariffs (taxes on imported goods passed by Congress in 1832). South Carolina passed a law declaring the tariff null and void in that state. Jackson threatened to send the army to enforce federal law. A compromise prevented violence, but tensions remained. Another conflict emerged over the national bank. Jackson won, and the bank went out of existence. This contributed to an economic collapse that hit the nation in Americans began to speak of manifest destiny – the belief that the United States was meant to expand from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. People moved west in search of economic opportunity. Meanwhile, the U.S. government made treaties with Native Americans that it did not honor.

24. Chapters In Brief
Trails brought traders to New Mexico and settlers to Oregon. Thousands of Mormons moved to Utah. In 1846, Britain agreed to give its share of the Oregon country to the United States. The Mexican government invited Americans to settle in Texas, which was then a part of Mexico. Tension grew between the settlers and the Mexican government. In 1836, Texas won its independence. After nine years as an independent republic, Texas entered the Union in 1845.

25. Chapters In Brief
Some Americans wanted to annex Mexico’s northern regions. But Mexico refused to sell the land. Finally, President James K. Polk persuaded Congress to declare war on Mexico, starting the Mexican-American War. The United States won the war, and through a peace treaty the United States gained all of present-day California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and parts of three other states. Soon after the war ended, gold was discovered in California. Thousands of people streamed west in the gold rush, hoping to make their fortune.

26. Regional Economies Early 19th Century Northeast = industrialized
manufacturing, textile or fabric, mills
South and West = agricultural
cotton gin (Eli Whitney)
need for more field labor
expansion of slavery

27. Nationalism vs. Sectionalism
Henry Clay (House Speaker) created the
Missouri Compromise
Missouri Compromise: a series of
agreements passed
by Congress to
maintain the
balance of power
between slave and free states

28. The age of Andrew jackson
elected into office in 1828
Jacksonian Democracy: American
political philosophy that the
government should listen to and
follow the will of all the people,
not just the wealthy people

29. The age of Andrew jackson
as part of this philosophy, Jackson
sought to give common people a chance
to participate in government; he did this
through the spoils system
Spoils System: common practice by
Jackson of awarding high
level jobs to political
supporters

30. The age of Andrew jackson
in 1830, Congress and the support of
Jackson, passed the Indian Removal Act
Indian Removal Act: law signed by
Jackson because
white settlers
wanted more land
for cotton
production
Indian Removal Act / Trail of Tears (7:05)

31. The age of Andrew jackson
created the Trail of Tears
where U.S. troops rounded
up the Cherokee and
drove them into camps to
await the journey west

32. Jacksonian Democrat ** A Jacksonian Democrat would believe:
1. every man has the right to vote
2. land west should be taken from the Indians
3. government jobs should be given to political
supporters **

33. The age of Andrew jackson
** westward expansion resulted in an increase in bitterness and threatened national unity due to slavery **
with much travel westward,
the belief of Manifest
Destiny arose

34. Manifest destiny
** Manifest Destiny: America has a clear destiny to be better than every other country because of its noble ideals of liberty and equality **

35. ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Explain how the Louisiana Purchase affected the United States.
Write three complete sentences in the summary location on your note sheet

36. Chapter Three objectives
analyze the Jefferson Era, the Age of Jackson, manifest
destiny, the market revolution, and various reform
movements during the first half of the 19th century