1. Warm-up
What are four things that impact INFILTRATION? (the answer is in your notes)
After you finish the warm-up put your river basin project in the inbox.

2. Rivers TOMORROW IS THE LAST DAY FOR TEST CORRECTIONS! Reminders:
Quiz on chapter 9 TOMORROW
Chapter 9 study guide due tomorrow
TOMORROW IS THE LAST DAY FOR TEST CORRECTIONS!

3. 4 things that impact infiltration
Vegetation – slows down runoff
Rate of Precipitation – time to soak
Soil Composition – large enough pores (spaces) with room for water
Slope – erosion on steeper slopes

4. Rivers Stream banks – the sides of the stream
A channel is the path that a stream follows. When the channel becomes wider and deeper due to erosion, rivers eventually form.
Stream banks – the sides of the stream

5. Rivers
Gradient- is the measure of the change in elevation over a certain distance. Gradient effects erosion rates

6. Tributary- a stream that flows into a lake or into a larger stream.

7. The River Mouth
Where the river meets the ocean or another large body of water

8. Stream Formation
Headwaters – where water first accumulates to supply a stream
Headwater erosion – process by which streams erode at the head of a stream

9. Meandering Streams
When water begins to erode the sides of the channel, adding bends to the river.
A bend or curve in a stream channel caused by moving water is called a meander.

10. Oxbow Lake
Blocked off meander
Eventually dries up

12. Discharge- The amount of water that a stream or river carries in a given amount of time
Load- The material carried by a stream or river is called its load. Fast moving streams or rivers carry larger particles and slower moving streams carry smaller particles

13. Which river would be able to carry larger particles?

14. DELTA
A river’s current slows when a river empties into a large body of water, such as a lake or an ocean
As its current slows, a river often deposits its load in a fan-shaped pattern called a delta

15. Alluvial Fan
When a fast-moving mountain stream flows onto a flat plain, the stream slows down very quickly
As the stream slows down, it deposits sediment
The sediment forms an alluvial fan
Unlike deltas, alluvial fans form on dry land

16. Floodplain
Low, flat lands adjacent to water that periodically floods

17. The area along a river that forms from sediment deposited when a river overflows its bank is called a floodplain
Floodplains are rich farming areas because periodic flooding brings new soil to the land
Floods can damage property and cause a loss of lives

18. Stream Load All the materials that the water in a stream carries
Microscopic life forms
Plants
Fish
Sediments
Dissolved solids
Dissolved gases

19. Bed Load
Sediments too heavy to remain in water suspension settle to the bottom of the stream or basin
The bed load is the settled sand, pebbles, and cobbles (larger stones) that get pushed around on the stream bed (bottom), but are no longer in suspension

20. Streams Carrying Capacity
The ability of a stream to transport material
Depends upon velocity and volume – the greater the volume, the more it can carry
Also depends upon slippery, steep, narrow sides or tapering, sandy, wide sides

21. Stream Load vs. Bed Load
Stream Load contains dissolved material in solution and particles in suspension. Bed Load particles roll along the bottom.

22. Calculating Stream Discharge
Measure of the volume of stream water that flows over a particular location within a given period of time
Discharge (m3/s) = width X depth X velocity

23. Discharge Calculation
For a stream with velocity of 10 meters per second, a width of 5 meters and a depth of 10 meters, what would its discharge be?

24. What is the discharge of a stream that has a velocity of 100 meters per second, a density of 1.2 g/ml, a depth of 10 meters, a width of 20 meters and a temperature of 20o C?

25. Stream Discharge Mississippi’s discharge = 173,600 m3/s
Amazon River discharge over 1,000,000 m3/s!
What might change a river’s discharge?