Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byGabriel Jonathan Rose Modified over 6 years ago
1
Improving Simulations in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit
Alyssa Z. Cherif 1 Advisors: Dr. Matt Weinger2,3, Ray Booker3, Bobby Gibbons3, Dr. Paul H. King1 1Department of Biomedical Engineering; 2Department of Anesthesiology; 3Simulations Technologies Program, Center for Experimental Learning and Assessment, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Problem Statement Constraints and Parameters Simulation Results After undergoing a surgery involving anesthesia, the patient is sent to the Post Anesthesia Care Unit, or the PACU. Because general anesthesia affects the entire body, postoperative side effects tend to appear, the most common being pulmonary complications. Balloon must be smaller than lung, so that it can fit inside Balloon requires tubing to reach outside of lung, for external manipulation With all parts assembled, prototype must remain airtight Prototype should be easily repairable and replicable Figure 5. Air was added to the saline bag, 10 cm3 at a time. As the volume of the saline bag increased, the pressure needed to inflate the lungs increased as well. This shows that the prototype effectively simulates an obstructive pulmonary disease. Figure 1. SimMan on a bed in the PACU. The PACU Simulation Center was created to enable medical and nursing students to practice a variety of procedures on a simulated patient called SimMan. SimMan has several working bodily systems, including fully functioning lungs. His vital statistics can be externally controlled using a program called SimQuest. SimQuest can alter his statistics such as blood pressure and heart rate, and then display them on a monitor inside the Simulation Center. At the start of this project, there were only two options for lung size: fully functioning or completely collapsed. To efficiently simulate all possible scenarios that could arise in the PACU, it is necessary to provide a range of pulmonary function. The overall goal for this project was to allow for a range in the available volume in SimMan’s lungs and to have it be externally controlled, thereby simulating an obstructive pulmonary disease; this was to be achieved in the most efficient and inexpensive manner possible. Material Dimensions Figure 5. Pressure needed vs. volume of the saline bag. Object Size Lung Volume 1263ml Bronchus length 11.4cm Bronchus inner diameter 15.9mm Bronchus outer diameter 19.1mm Saline Bag Volume 1000ml Saline Bag Width 12.1cm Saline Bag Tubing diameter 6.35mm Figure 6. Again, air was added to the saline bag, 10 cm3 at a time. During this trial VTE, the volume of air actually expired by the lungs, decreased as the saline bag volume increased, despite the constant 450ml tidal volume. Figure 6. Volume of air expired vs. volume of the saline bag. Ethical and Safety Issues Benefits of Balloon Approach As this project mainly pertains to a simulated patient, there are minimal ethical concerns; safety is of higher importance. The prototype indeed works well inside the chest cavity, without causing damage to the rest of SimMan’s functioning systems. Also, the prototype should not burst or cause any harm to those manipulating and working with SimMan. Relatively simple idea Externally controlled Inexpensive to build Easily repairable and reproducible Meets all of the project requirements Project Requirements Lung must be airtight Prototype must be able to withstand daily SimMan activities, such as CPR Size of prototype must be the same size or smaller than the lung Prototype must operate at a range of lung parameters Prototype should be efficient and inexpensive, as well as easily repairable Conclusions All of the initial project requirements have been met by this prototype. The benefits of the design can be seen through regular use, including its simplicity in manufacturing, repair and operation. In addition, it was extremely inexpensive to build and it is a very safe device. This prototype effectively simulates an obstructive pulmonary disease, as shown by the increase in pressure needed to inflate the lungs, as well as by the decrease in air expired at a constant tidal volume. Figure 4. SimMan with the prototype inside his chest cavity. Building of Prototype Materials used: lung, saline bag, tubing, washers, heat gun, glue Saline bag inserted through a slit at the bottom of the lung Exit hole made in the rear of the lung for saline bag tubing Washers placed around tubing, both interior and exterior of the lung Extra vinyl glued around tubing to ensure it would be airtight Heat gun applied in an attempt to seal the lung; replaced by a vinyl glue due to time and potential burning Once inside the chest cavity, new prototype attached Tubing extended outside SimMan via a hole in his back; tubing connected to an air pump for external manipulation Material Cost 1000ml saline bag with tubing $10.00 1.5 oz Vinyl Flexible Adhesive $2.98 10 rubber washers (6.35mm inner diameter) $1.27 Total Cost $14.25 Future Directions There are two improvements that could be made to this prototype to maximize its efficiency. The first is using a longer tubing without bulky appendages to attach to the saline bag. The second would be the development of a plastic washer to secure around the saline bag’s tubing. For increased simplicity in construction of the prototype, an efficient method of heat sealing would be ideal. A more distant goal is to integrate the volume of the saline bag into the SimQuest program. Figure 2. One of SimMan’s unaltered lungs, fully deflated. Potential Solutions Mount a valve inside or around the bronchus Problem: possible damage to valve due to CPR Place a weight atop the lung, inside the chest cavity Problem: possible injury to surrounding area Insert a balloon of variable volume inside the lung Balloon chosen: saline bag Acknowledgements Dr. Paul H. King, Department of Biomedical Engineering Dr. Robert L. Galloway, Department of Biomedical Engineering Advisors: Dr. Matt Weinger, Dr. Dan France, Ray Booker, Bobby Gibbons Figure 3. Saline bag used in the lung.
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.