1. Standard 8-6.3
Explain the reason for depressed conditions in the textile mills and on the farms in South Carolina and other regions of the United States in the 1920s and the impact of these conditions on the coming of the Great Depression.

2. Review Time! The first few slides are a review from last week.
Make sure if you don’t have any of this in your notes from last week that you add it!
We will transition into this weeks standard, so make sure if it is in red that you write it down.

3. Before South Carolina’s Depression
How did South Carolinian farmers do during the war?
South Carolinian farmers, economically were very successful.
Why did farmers do so well economically during the war? (Think about the crops they grew and how they could be used)
They needed to provide to the war. They provided food, but also cotton as well. Which could be used for clothes.

4. The War Ends – Is this good or bad for South Carolina’s Economy?
What happens to farmers as a result of the war ending and the troops coming home?
Trouble for farmers
Europeans could produce their own food to support themselves
SC farmers had less demand
Boll weevil – attacked the cotton crop
Some years destroyed ½ crop

5. Boll Weevil to the rescue
The prices of cotton actually rise slightly in the year 1922.
Why do you think the prices might go up because of the boll weevil?
The boll weevil reduces the amount of cotton that is in supply, so the prices go up.
They DO NOT reach prewar level (prices).

6. Farmers choice in crops
End of 1920s, cotton, like rice, was no longer a viable (practical) crop in the Lowcountry
Farmers turned to other crops – Peaches and livestock
These provoked the already horrible conditions:
Drought
Erosion
Soil depletion
How do these crops affect the already bad conditions?

7. Are just farmers affected by the end of the war?
Who lends farmers money / land?
During the Boom years of the war:
Farmers borrowed from local banks
Expand
Buy land
Equipment
Later – pesticide to kill the boll weevil

8. What happens when they can’t pay back the banks?
Banks foreclose on mortgages
Farms are taken by the state (couldn’t pay taxes)
Banks weren’t making money on loans or selling the land they foreclosed on (which was devalued).

9. SC is in a depression before the Great Depression
South Carolina banks were failing before the beginning of the Great Depression
Marked by stock market crash of 1929
Those who lost land
went to sharecropping / tenant farming
north for factories
white farmers / sharecroppers – mill towns – work in textile mills

10. Textiles see change
Just like with farming, there is initially a high demand in textiles at the start of the war.
However, shortly after the war there is a decline in the need.
Fashion of era – nylon replaced cotton
International competition – increased tariffs

11. SC – mills do grow New England mills closed – poor economic conditions
Moved south
Northern industrialists attracted to SC – ready supply of cheap labor

12. Improving mill conditions
Added:
Electricity
Running water
However:
‘speed-up stretch out’ – to eliminate competition
Wages still low
When Demand fell – hours were cut or people were laid off
Made the economy worse

13. End of the 1920s
Both the SC textile industry and agriculture industry suffered from declining demand and overproductions

14. Standard 8-6.4
Explain the effects of the Great Depression and the lasting impact of the New Deal on people and programs in South Carolina, including James F. Byrnes and Mary McLeod Bethune, the Rural Electrification Act, the general textile strike of 1934, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works Progress Administration, the Public Works Administration, the Social Security Act, and the Santee Cooper Electricity Project.

15. Stock Market Crash of 1929 Is the Stock Market Crash of 1929:
BlackTuesday
Is the Stock Market Crash of 1929:
The start to the Great Depression
Just marked as the start
When does South Carolina feel the depression?
Before the Stock Market Crash
Around the time of the Stock Market Crash

16. Things get worse after the stock market crashes
In SC there was already immense debt, but things get worse after the crash
Banks close
Railroad company goes bankrupt
Some textile mills close
Farmers lose their land to foreclosure
25% of SC unemployed
No money to spend at the stores

17. Worsening Conditions continued
Marriage and birth rates drop
Why?
Men wandered from town to town and rode rails to find jobs and handouts
Charitable organizations couldn’t keep up with the needs
Food, Clothing, Shelter
People looked to the govt. for help

18. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
New President – elected 1932
Promises a new deal
Inaugurated – March 1933
By this point conditions were much worse than when he was elected

19. James F. Byrnes Elected to U.S. senate 1930
helped pass the New Deal through Congress
important domestic policy adviser
SC senator until 1941 – accepts an appointment to the Supreme Court
Head of the Office of War Mobilization
Secretary of State
Governor of South Carolina

20. Mary McLeod Bethune African American educator Civil rights leader
Founded a College
Civil rights leader
Organized the National Council of Negro Women
Served as Director of Negro Affairs for the National Youth Administration
Influential member of the unofficial “Black Cabinet” - group of African American leaders President Roosevelt Consulted

21. New Deal First “Hundred Days” in office
Aggressive program for relief, recovery, and reform
Radio “fireside chats” – American people had ‘nothing to fear but fear itself’
No New Deal programs specific to SC – but some are significant / long term impact on SC

22. Parts to the New Deal Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Social Security Act (SSA)
Santee Cooper Electricity Project
National Recovery Act (NRA)

23. Rural Electrification Act – Page 274
Open up your textbooks to Page 274

24. National Recovery Act
Another New Deal Program - address overproduction / declining prices for farmers and industry
Sets up codes for industries
Regulate prices for consumers
Hours and wages for workers
For textile mills – didn’t affect “speed up” or “stretch out”
Didn’t guarantee workers a 40 hr. week.

25. Union Strike
Mill workers – unhappy, joined a union and general strike in 1934
Affected the east coast mills
Violence – union members and strike breakers (scabs)
SC – Honea Path – deputies fired on crowd – killed 7 workers, injured others

26. President Roosevelt wants strike to end
Roosevelt urges the end to strikes / find an agreement
Striker's agree – many SC mill owners don’t (keep doors closed even when workers are ready to return)
Strike – led to collapse in the union in SC
SC – general textile strike intensified anti-union sentiment which continues today

27. New Deal – Later laws are passed
Min wage
Max hours for industrial workers
Recognized right to form union / bargain collectively
New Deal – lasting effect on US / SC but DOESN’T end the Great Depression
Depression ends when the US became involved in helping the Allies fight Hitler’s Germany in WWII.

28. Standard 8-6.5
Compare the ramifications of World War II on South Carolina and the United States as a whole, including the training of the Doolittle Raiders and the Tuskegee Airmen, the building of additional military bases, the rationing and bond drives, and the return of economic prosperity.

29. Bombing of Pearl Harbor

30. WWII Significant Impact on SC and the US
Before Pearl Harbor
Drafting young men
Government was preparing for war
WWI military camps were reopened as training bases for thousands of men drafted into the service
Camp Jackson in Columbia – becomes Fort Jackson
Charleston Navy yards – increased production of destroyers

31. WWII brings the country and SC out of Depression
James F. Byrnes – helped guide the Lend Lease plan through Congress
Support allies in fight against Germans
He later serves as director of war mobilization
Economy of SC and US – climbs out of Great Depression – result of govt. spending on war preparations

32. After Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor was a sneak attack – US anxious – retaliate against Japanese
Brought US out of isolationism
War in Europe and Pacific
Group of bomber pilots – under James Doolittle – trained in Columbia
Engaged in an air attack on Tokyo
Launched from aircraft carriers
Lifted morale of Americans

33. Tuskegee Airmen Tuskegee Institute – Alabama Tuskegee airmen:
African American pilots in WWII train here
Tuskegee airmen:
Commanded by white officers
Support ally invasion of Italy
Escort bombers on raids against strategic enemy targets

34. African Americans in war
Soldiers work in segregated units – commanded by white officers
Return – determined to fight to end segregation
Many Tuskegee airmen earned Distinguished Flying Cross
Proved that African American Pilots could shoot down enemy aircraft as well as or better than white air crews
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

35. African Americans Accomplishments in WWII
Tuskegee Airmen and other African American military members
Open the doorway for other African Americans to serve in the military and desegregation of the military in the postwar period.

36. South Carolina in the Armed Forces
Many unfit
1/3 of all young white men
½ of black men
They were either illiterate or their health was too poor to serve

37. War did bring some Prosperity
War mobilization
More jobs at home
SC cities grow
Farmers – shorthanded
Women / children to work / bring in bumper crops

38. Like the US, South Carolina
For the war effort
Collected scrap metal / rubber
Ration books (food / fuel)
Bought war bonds
War was over – People had savings and now used it:
Automobiles / goods not available during war
V-E day and V-J day arrived – SC and US poised to enter a period of prosperity.