1. 25kv AT feeding System for HSR
Presented by:
R.K.Jain & B.S. Bodh,
GM/Electrical,DFCCIL
9/18/2018

2. Definition of HSR
High Speed rail is a passenger train transport operate faster than conventional rail traffic.
200 kmph for upgraded track.
250 kmph or faster for new track in Europe.
In US system > 240 kmph.
In Japan, shinkansen speed is excess of 260kmph.
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3. Average speed of fastest train
Examples of HSR
Route km
Maximum Speed
Average speed of fastest train
China
6652
431
313
Germany
1290
300, 250
226
Italy
614
300, 250, 200
176
Japan
2459
300, 275, 260
256
South Korea
240
300, 240
200
Taiwan
5336
245
Spain
1272
236
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4. Advantage Convenient and usually located in heart of city
Safe as they are equipped with advanced computer based signalling system.
Reduces congestion on road.
Energy efficient and more Environmental friendly.
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5. When it is viable ?
Best suited for journey of 2-3 hours ( kms) for which train can beat both air and car.
It must have a decent backbone suburban/light rail transit system as prevalent in Europe and Japan.
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6. Energy Consumption Energy Consumption 15 kWh/ 1000 GTKM 20 kWh/
Speed
160
200
300
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7. HSR is mainly on electric traction using train sets.
CRH1E IN CHINA HAVE SLEEPER CARS
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8. cost 60 percent civil incld station 20percent rolling stock
10percent land
10 system cost
FRANCE &KOREA example of low civil cost-more grade & less structure cost(viaduct,tunnels)
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9. ADOPTION OF AC TRACTION IN THE PAST contd….
1957- A visionary Sh. Karnail Singh, Ex. Chairman, Railway Board, took a bold decision to take up 25 kV AC Traction on IR in future .
It was also decided that work of 3000 V d.c. to be converted to 25 kV a.c and rolling stock transferred to Mumbai suburban system after conversion.
Recently Mumbai area is converting 1500VDC to 25kV AC to meet the increase in main line & suburban capacity.
9/18/2018
58th ESC

10. PRESENT CONCERN
Task of IR to provide rail transport capacity matching with economic growth.
Need to optimise throughput capacity of routes
Increase in speed, train loads and their number would entail matching demand of traction system.
IR VISION 2020 :
High Growth Rate : Both Freight & Passenger
Use more powerful locomotive
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11. Need for quantum upgradation of AC traction system
To meet additional power requirements due to
Increase in Axle load from T.
Increase in train haulage capacity (Long haul).
Increase in passenger train speed kmph
Increase in train frequency
Increased power rating of locomotive / Train Sets ( HP) (8 ~20 MW).
For heavy haul and high density routes, the requirement would jump to more than 1 MVA/RKM.
DFC plans to produce capacity upto 1.5 MVA/RKM ( double track)
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12. THE INCREMENTAL APPROACH
25 KV AC Traction has served IR very well in terms of meeting the capacity and throughput requirements without any major installation alterations in the system.
Increased demand has been met by upgrading the transformers (12.5/13.5 to 21.6/30 MVA).Also by introduction of additional Traction Sub Stations (TSSs).
Incremental approach not feasible with HSR & HH
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13. heavy haul railway network.
What
NEXT?
For High speed
&
heavy haul railway network.
25 kV AT feeding system?
9/18/2018
58th ESC

14. AT system reinvented in Japan( Like front wheel transmission in automobile
Increased demands for power (fast passenger/heavy goods trains at frequent intervals) necessitates new solutions for train power systems
1972 Japan, Sanyo Shinkansen
(25/25 kV – 60Hz),12/14MW/train
1981 France, TGV Paris-Lyon
(25/25 kV – 50 Hz)
1987 Hungary, simplified AT system
1995 Sweden, Kiruna - Svappavaara
(15/15 kV – 16.7 Hz),freight
2007 : Spanish HSR
Italian HSR
Suitable for busy conventional railways, heavy haul and high speed lines.
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15. Global experience of 25 kV AT feeder systemSN
Railways/Country
Main Features 1
Belgium Rly system
Brussels to Holland
- High speed (Eurostar, Thalys ) Km/h
- 3x60 MVA ONAN with OLTC, transformers (100% standby) 2
Brazil High speed Railways- Campinas to Baráo de Mauá
- 2x (30-60 MVA), 400 /25 kV transformers.
-Auto transformers of 10/8 MVA.
- TSS Spacing double of the normal 25 kV system. AT spacing of km. 3
European high speed Railway Systems
LGV (High Speed Lines in France), WCML (UK), MAV electrified railway lines (Hungary), AVE HSL (Spain), Paris- Brussels HSL and the Vjaz’ma-Orsha line in Russia. NEC (USA).
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16. What is 2x25 Kv AT system
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17. AC supply systems-Why choose AT system
VOLTAGE DROP COMPARISON
Reason: Supply condition would improve drastically
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18. MAJOR OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGES OF 25kV AT FEEDER SYSTEM
The insulation level will remain at 25 kV
High distribution efficiency
Feed voltage doubles up to 50 kV reducing OHE current by 50%
Permits traction supply points to be at km apart.
Improved voltage regulation
less number of power conditioning equipment
Same EMUs & locomotives can be used
Improved load factor
This system not only provides quantum jump of 100% in haulage capacity but…
… leaves scope for further capacity upgradation by increasing transformer capacity (ONAF).
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19. Some examples of OCS on HSR
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20. Simple with Y shaped auxiliary catenary
OCS DESIGN
CHINA
JAPAN
FRANCE
GERMANY
ITALY
Catenary Type
Simple with Y shaped auxiliary catenary
Heavy Compound type
Stitched
Simple
Stitched & Simple
Twin Stitched & Simple
Span (m) 50 63 65 60
Contact Line total density (kg/m)
4.34
1.65
1.92
1.71
2.77x2
Total Tension (kN)
30+21
53.9 28 34 30
33.1x2
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21. OCS DESIGN CHINA JAPAN FRANCE GERMANY ITALY
Wave propagating velocity of Contact Wire
355/514
414
441
424
376 ß
0.68
0.65
0.59
0.66
Pre-Sag
None
1/1000
Contact wire
Cu-Mg Cu
Cd-Cu
Cu-Ag
Catenary
Bronze
Steel/Cu
Pantograph Pressure(N)
70-80
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22. OCS System in Japan Compound catenary Contact Catenary
Auxiliary catenary wire
210
GT 110 mm2
9.8 kN
80 mm2
60 mm2
1972
240
GT 170 mm2
14.7 kN
ST 180 mm2
24.5 kN
PHC 150 mm2
1997
SN-W 170 mm2
CS- 170 mm2
CS – Steel Core
PHC – Precipitated hardened Copper Alloy
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23. Feeder wire : to suit 2x25 kV.
Contact wire: Material should be such that it can withstand temperature up to 100ºC (EN-50119)
Catenary wire : 100º Class.
Feeder wire : to suit 2x25 kV.
Protective Earth wire: as per earthing and bonding requirement & compatible with Signaling system.
Touch potential level (EN 50122)
The critical values of all these parameters can be found out by simulation study.
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24. Earthing Design EN 50122 Touch and Step Potential
When train is drawing maximum power
When fault occurs
Protective wire
Buried earth conductor
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25. Challenges of HSR OCS Design – smooth current collection
Feeder wire along the track
Protective earth wire/ traction bonds to be compatible with Signal installations
Modular OCS Fittings
Suitable steel structure to support thicker conductor
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26. Mechanized Construction concept
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27. Transformer Connections used in HSR
Scott Connected Transformer –
Taiwan.
China.
South Korea.
Japan.
2. Wood Bridge Transformer or Roof Delta Transformer-
V-V Connection –
Europe
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28. Connection used in Asia
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29. Connection used in Bina-Katni
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30. probable Connection
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31. Challenges for increasing the speed of trains
Increasing the output of substations
(i) Large-size feeding transformers
(ii) Impact on the power supply
(iii) Protection system
Feeding system
(i) System capable of delivering high power electricity to trains
(ii) Reduction of transmission and inductive interferences
Safeguard against voltage drops
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32. Arrangements 3-phase 220/132 kV supply from Power Utilities.
Maintenance of Transmission Line by Power Utilities.
Metering and other arrangements at Power Utilities end.
Average length of transmission line 25 km per TSS.

33. Critical Parameters
Higher Current carrying capacity for switch gears and isolators
SF-6 CB for HV side & VCB for 25 kV side
Protection: Fast acting Intelligent Numerical Protection – IEC 61850
Reactive Power Compensation: UPQC correction to keep power factor harmonics and unbalance within limits.
Dynamic Reactive compensation
Appropriate C-R Device

34. Critical Parameters
Spacing of traction sub-station
Spacing of switching posts (8 to 10 km) Auto transformer (8/10 MVA)
Ratings of traction power transformer
Rating of auto transformer
rating of switch gears

35. SCADA Video Wall display
TCP/IP based open protocol SCADA system (IEC )
Video Wall display
Fault Locator: Current measurement neutral CT base accuracy 100 m.
Infrastructure to create Railway smart grid.
Metering: IEC using ABT, TOD, kvah.
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36. TRACTION POWER SUPPLY NETWORK SIMULATION SUDY

37. Traffic & Power density
Year
Trailing Load (tonne)
Transformer capacity (MVA)
Minimum feed zone (km)
Power density (MVA/km)
1960
2250 10
60-70
0.15
1970
12.5
0.19
1980
3000
13.5
50-60
0.25
1990
4500
21.6
0.39
2000
40-50
0.48
2005
5200
35-40
0.58
2010
5900
30.0
30-35
0.92
2012+(DFC)
13000
60.0
1.00
HSR
1000
> 60.0 60
>1.0
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38. Power density requirement vis-a vis traffic density increase
9/18/2018
58th ESC

39. HISTORY OF TRACTION CAPACITY
MAIN LINE ELECTRIFICATION 25kV AC
Q 1: QUANTUM LEAP IN CAPACITY to 0.5 MVA/RKM
Heavy coal trains ; Bina - Katni ; 25 kV AT feeder system
Q 2: QUANTAM LEAP IN TRACTION CAPACITY to 0.8 MVA/RKM
Heavy haul, DFCCIL :25 kV AT feeder system
Q 3: QUANTAM LEAP IN TRACTION CAPACITY to 1.0 MVA/RKM
HSR,IR ; 25 kV AT feeder system
Q 3: QUANTAM LEAP IN TRACTION CAPACITY to 1.2 MVA/RKM

40. BASIC DATA Train load in tonnage Capacity of locomotives
Loco peak current
Nominal supply voltage
Number of trains in one hour
Head way
Spacing between terminal stations

41. BASIC DATA Impedance 11-13 % Feeding Voltage
Maximum Voltage: 27.5 kV, Nominal Voltage: 25 kV, Minimum Voltage: 19 kV
Feeding system : AT (with PW)
Substation spacing km,
AT spacing km
Spacing of CPW (connecting PW and rail) : 2km
Earth conductivity 0.02 (s/m)

42. OUTCOME Voltage fluctuation rate Voltage unbalance rate
Capacity of feeding transformer
Capacity f auto transformer
Voltage at pantograph of electric locomotive
Substation spacing
Rail potential
Temperature rise of contact line extended feed

43. Earthing arrangement
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44. OUTCOME Contact wire size 170sqmm Messenger wire size 125sqmm
feeder wire size sqmm
Earth wire size (PEW) sqmm
Buried earth conductor size (BEC)
2*80sqmm
Spacing of connection of PEW to earth m

45. NEUTRAL SECTION NEGOTIABILITY
Changeover Switch (using track circuits)-off board
RF/ID
Track magnet
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46. OUTCOME Contact wire size Messenger wire size feeder wire size
Earth wire size (PEW)
Buried earth conductor size (BEC)
Spacing of connection of PEW to earth.

47. Characteristics of Feeding transformer
Connection
Volt-age
Capacity
(MVA
unbal-
ance
impe-
dance
(%)
Secondary
Insulation
Level(kV)
Scott 2
wind-
ing
220 90
2.5 11 55 3
wind-ing
27.5

48. Conclusions & recomendations
The selection of 25kV AT Feeding Power Supply System for heavy haul & HSR is inescapable.
Traction power simulation study : a tool for accurate designing of the system.
Hope to see more 25kV AT feeding systems in INDIA, this time as a sustained solution for heavy haul, high density & HSR routes.
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49. Thanks
for
your attention
9/18/2018