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JC Technology Electric Circuits
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Electric Circuits Computers CD Player IPhone How do they work?
IPhone – Charge battery and turn on All use Electricity – part of electric circuit Plug in and turn on
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Electric Circuits Loop/path/route – connects device to a power supply
Device turned on – electric current flows around the loop Device works Simple Circuit Battery = Power supply Switch opens & closes circuit
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Electric Circuits Circuit Diagrams – symbols are used to represent components =
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Electric Circuits Electric Current:
The flow of electrons through a conductor Conductor – materials that allows current to flow through it examples: copper, gold, silver, tin, iron Electron – negative charge Nucleus: neutrons – no charge protons – positive charge Copper Atom
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Electric Circuits Electron on outer shell of atoms can move between atoms No power supply - movement is random conductor
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Electric Circuits Conductor connected to power supply:
Electrons all move in same direction – electric current
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Electric Circuits Measuring electric current – Ammeter
Ammeter must be connected correctly Unit of measurement = Ampere (A) or amp Represented by letter I
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Electric Circuits Electromotive Force (EMF) – force that makes electrons flow around a circuit Unit of measurement = Volt EMF often called Voltage Higher voltage = more current
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Electric Circuits Voltage is represented by letter V
Measured using a voltmeter
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Electric Circuits Resistance: opposition to the flow of electric current All components have resistance Unit of measurement = Ohm (Ω) Represented by letter R High resistance = less current
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Ohm’s Law ‘The electric current in a conductor is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance at constant temperature’ increasing voltage increases current increasing resistance decreases current Ohm’s Triangle
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Ohm’s Law
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Series Circuit Components are connected one after the other
Only one path for current to flow around All components on or off at same time
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Series Circuit The current at all points in a series circuit is the same
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Components of equal resistance – voltage is shared equally
Series Circuit The applied voltage is shared between the components Components of equal resistance – voltage is shared equally B1 = B2
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Components of unequal resistance – voltage is shared proportionally
Series Circuit The applied voltage is shared between the components Components of unequal resistance – voltage is shared proportionally B1 ≠ LED
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Series Circuit Voltage across each component depends on its resistance
High resistance = high voltage share Low resistance = low voltage share
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Series Circuit Calculating voltage across each component
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Parallel Circuit Components are connected side by side
There is more than one path for the current to flow around Components - on or off at the same or different times
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Parallel Circuit Current is shared between the parallel paths
Components of equal resistance = equal current A1 = Current in circuit A2 = A3 A1 = A2 + A3
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Parallel Circuit Current is shared between the parallel paths
Components of unequal resistance = unequal current A1 = Current in circuit A2 ≠ A3 A1 = A2 + A3
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Parallel Circuit The voltage across each path = applied voltage
R1 = R2
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Parallel Circuit The voltage across each path = applied voltage
R1 ≠ R2
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