1. GREETINGS MY FELLOW VIKINGS
GREETINGS MY FELLOW VIKINGS! As you come aboard this ship, take a packet off the front table.
1.Complete the opening bell-ringer that deals with finding 5 elements of being a good king or queen!
2. Write down your homework!
3. Get out paper for notes!

2. After the Fall of Rome
To preserve Rome during its imminent collapse, Constantine moved the capital & legalized Christianity
For the next 1,000 years, Constantinople became the headquarters of the Byzantine Empire
By 543- managed to recapture most of North Africa

3. How did the Byzantines manage to acquire such wealth & avoid invasion for so long?

4. Mosaics: pictures created with tiny colored tiles fitted together & cemented into place

5. Accomplishments of Justinian
Reconquered some territories lost during the fall of Rome
Coded and simplified Roman laws
Extended rights to women
Encouraged architecture & the preservation of Greco- Roman culture & knowledge

6. The Great Schism of 1054
Religion became a dividing factor for the empire by the 700s
Use of icons (paintings or sculptures of sacred figures) became a point of contention between emperor of Constantinople & pope of Rome
Theological & differences in church governance also contributed to tension
1054- Great Schism (split) occurred
Orthodox Church of the East/ Roman Catholic Church of the West
Great Schism ruined the unified Byzantine Empire & made it difficult to withstand invasion

7. Wrapping things up...
How did the Byzantines manage to acquire such wealth & avoid invasion for so long?
What were the accomplishments of Emperor Justinian?
Why was Justinian and Theodora’s marriage so controversial?
What was the connection between religion & government in the Byzantine Empire?
What is the Great Schism of 1054 and how did it contribute to the decline of the Byzantines?
Reading for Wednesday 11/13: pgs , (There will be a quiz!)

8. Charlemagne’s Rise to Power
Military was the foundation of his strategy
Every year he selected an enemy to battle & incorporated lands he conquered by forming alliances with local rulers
When the Lombards attacked the Papal States in 774, his army answered the pope’s call for help
Pope Leo III grants him the title of Emperor of the Roman people as a gesture of thanks

9. Charlemagne’s Reign Made changes to government structure
Established a central government with a permanent capital
Chose counts to rule parts of the empire in his name & sent inspectors around to supervise them
Enjoyed learning & pushed for counts to be educated
Wanted to preserve & spread Christianity
Developed written legal code that incorporated
laws of conquered people & Christianity

10. Charlemagne’s Decline
While he attempted to rekindle an interest in learning & united Europe into one nation, he failed to address technological/economic issues
Roads & bridges decayed
Manufacturing became localized & trade vanished
After he died, regional counts became kings who grew strong
These kings caused disunion and couldn’t withstand Viking invasions

11. Unit Details VTN: Comparative History of Major Developments
Central Unit Question: How did religion and political systems shape the lives of Europeans during the early Middle Ages?
Habit of Mind: #3 Suspending judgment, put yourself in someone’s shoes from the time period

13. Strategy & Technology
Lived in rural settlements where farming & fishing was prevalent
Soil not very fertile, population boomed & food shortages became a reason for raiding
Targeted coastal monasteries
Fast moving ships (long ships)
Navigation tools: whale observation, raven releasing, sunstone, sunboard

16. Religion & Language Practiced Norse paganism & worshipped many gods
Odin- father of all gods, giver or knowledge
Freya- undertaker, goddess of beauty
Thor- battle god, son of Odin, dude with hammer
Regularly feasted, celebrated gods seasonally with human & animal sacrifice
Had alphabet based off of Germanic letters known as Runes

17. Viking Social Structure
Because many women were widowed or left alone for long stretches of time, they had many freedoms
Women ruled & defended households
Managed farms & slaves
Had the right to property & divorce
Shield maidens are mentioned in Norse sagas but are most likely fictional
Historical evidence that women have traveled with men on exploration & trade related voyages

18. Wrapping things up... Where did Vikings come from?
How geographic conditions force the Vikings to turn to raiding?
What navigation technology did the Vikings use and why did they target monasteries?
Describe Viking religion and social structure.
Journal Assignment due next Thursday in class or on edmodo by 12 am.