1. Political Divisions,Boundaries and Borders- Chapter 15

2. Essential Questions
What are some examples of political divisions at the local and regional levels?
What are some reasons for political divisions at the local and regional levels?
How do political divisions generate conflicts?

3. Essential Questions Why do political divisions cooperate?
What are some examples of political divisions are the national and international levels?

4. Examples of Political Divisions
Neighborhoods
Election districts
School districts
Regional districts
Cities
Counties
States and Provinces

5. Neighborhood

6. Election districts- lets citizens know where to vote

7. School Districts

8. Regional districts

9. Cities
New York City, NY
Vancouver, British Columbia

10. Counties

11. States and Provinces

12. Reasons for Divisions Desire for government closer to home
Need to solve local problems
Need to administer resources more efficiently

13. Reasons for Conflict Boundary disputes Cultural differences
Economic differences
Competition for scarce resources
Political advantages (gerrymandering)

14. Boundary between India and Bangladesh

15. Competition for resources

16. Cultural differences

17. Reasons for Cooperation
Natural disasters
Economic advantages
Cultural similarities
Addressing regional issues

18. Cultural Similarities

19. Makeshift hospital in Haiti
Natural disasters
Tsunami
Makeshift hospital in Haiti
Floods

20. International Political Divisions
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
European Union
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
North American Free Trade Agreements
United Nations

21. International Political Divisions
Organization of American States
League of Arab States
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
African Union

22. NATO
A political alliance of 26 countries from Europe and North America that
has pledged to safeguard freedom and democracy.
Key members: United States, France, Britain, Germany

23. EU An economic and political union of 27
democratic European countries. It introduced a common currency called the Euro.

24. OPEC
OPEC sets the price and production of oil for member countries. Key members are Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, and UAE.

25. NAFTA
NAFTA is a trade agreement that was signed by the United States, Canada, and Mexico. NAFTA eliminated most tariffs between the three members creating a free trade zone.

26. United Nations
192/195 nations are members of the United Nations. The purpose of the UN is to promote world peace and security.

27. OAS The OAS is a political union that
includes all 35 countries in North
And South America.

28. League of Arab States
The League of Arab States is composed of countries that are Muslim and speak Arabic.

29. ASEAN
ASEAN is an economic
organization in Southeast
Asia.

30. African Union
The African Union is a political
organization in Africa.

31. Reasons for Political Divisions
Differences in culture, language, religion
Retention of historical boundaries
Imperial conquest and control
Economic similarities and differences

32. Reasons for Conflict Boundary and territorial disputes
Examples: Syria/Israel, Western Sahara/Morocco, China/Taiwan, and India/Pakistan
Cultural differences - Indonesia, Canada, Sudan
Nationalism

33. Reasons for Conflict
Economic differences (fertile land, access to fresh water, access to coast, fishing rights, natural resources, different economic philosophies)
Ethnic differences - Balkans, Cyprus, Kashmir

34. Examples of Cooperation
Red Cross/Red Crescent
Law of the Sea
Antarctica Treaty/UN peacekeepers
Peace Corps
Alliances for environmental preservation
Foreign aid