1. Earth & Moon Study Guide
Chapter 19
Earth & Moon Study Guide

2. 1. Rotation
is spinning of the earth on its axis

3. 2. Orbit
the Earth’s path around the sun

4. 3. Revolution
the movement of one object around another

5. 4. Axis
imaginary line that passes through the center of the earth and the North and South poles

6. 5. Equinox
equal night, when the sun is directly over the Equator

7. 6. Solstice
When the sun reaches its greatest distance North or South of the equator

8. 7. Gravity
A force that attracts all objects to each other

9. 8. Newton’s First Law of Motion
an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion until another force acts on it

10. 9. Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

11. 10. Perigee
point of the moon’s orbit CLOSEST to the earth

12. 11. Apogee
point of the moon’s orbit FARTHEST from the earth

13. 12. Eclipse
A partial or total blocking of an object in space

14. 13. Tides
the rise and fall of the oceans

15. 14. Lunar Eclipse
Type of eclipse that occurs when the earth is between the sun and the moon and occurs with a full moon

16. 15. Solar Eclipse
Type of eclipse that occurs when the Moon is directly between the Earth & the sun where it blocks sunlight

17. 16. Moon Phases
the shapes of the moon as seen from the earth

18. 17. What are the effects of the earth’s tilt?
Seasons
Different Length of day light hours

19. 18. What is the relationship between the seasons in the north & south hemisphere?
Opposite Summer in Northern and Winter in Southern

20. 19. Moon Phase Chart Means Left/ Right Comes Before Comes After Waxing
Growing
RIGHT
Full Moon
NEW MOON
Waning
Shrinking
Left
New Moon
FULL MOON

21. 19. Moon Phase Chart pt. 2 Meaning Looks Like Crescent
A small sliver of the moon is showing
Banana
Gibbous
More than ½ but less than full
Lemon

22. 20. What did Galileo see when he looked at the moon through the telescope
Maria-dark areas
Craters-pits
Highlands-mountains

23. 21. What is the gravity of the moon compared to earth’s gravity?
1/6 of earth’s gravity

24. 22. What is the difference between apogee & perigee?
Apogee-when moon is farthest from earth (APART)
Perigee-when moon is closest to earth

25. 23. Draw the earth on it’s tilt, and label the tilt.
23.50

26. 24. Eclipse Chart Type SOLAR Lunar Earth’s Position Sun Earth Moon
Sun Moon Earth
Sun Earth Moon
Moon Phase
NEW MOON
FULL MOON
What is happening
MOON BLOCKS SUNLIGHT
Moon is in Earth’s shadow

27. 25. Tides Chart Tides Position Occurs… Water Level Spring
Straight Line
New & Full Moon
Very high and low tide
NEAP
90 Degrees
1st & 3rd Quarter Moon
Not very high tide

28. 26. Solstice & Equinox Chart
Date
First day of…
Length of Day…
Winter Solstice
December 21
Winter
Shortest Day
Summer Solstice
June 21
Summer
Longest Day
Autumnal Equinox
September 22 (around 21)
Fall
Equal day & night
Vernal Equinox
March 21
Spring

29. 27. Motion of Earth Chart Rotation REVOLUTION
Description
Spinning of Earth on Axis
One Object Moving around another
Causes
Days/Nights
SEASONS & YEAR

30. 28. What does the moon orbit?
The moon goes around the earth

31. 29. What does Earth revolve around?
The earth revolves around the SUN

32. 30. Why do we always see the same side of the moon?
It takes the same amount of time to rotate as it does to revolve

33. 31. Moon Phases New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous
Full Moon
Waning Gibbous
Third Quarter
Waning Crescent

34. 32. What are the effects of their being no atmosphere on the moon?
Extreme Temperature changes
Many Craters

35. 33. What part of the moon is visible during…
Percent Fraction
a. 1st quarter? 25% ¼
b. Full Moon? 50% ½
C. 3rd Quarter? 25% ¼
D. New Moon? 0% 0/4 = 0

36. 34. What part of the moon is not visible during…
Percent Fraction
a. 1st quarter? 75% ¾
b. Full Moon? 50% ½
C. 3rd Quarter? 75% ¾
D. New Moon? 100% 4/4 = 1

37. 35. On Earth, Barney weighed 250 pounds, with his suit and backpack on
35. On Earth, Barney weighed 250 pounds, with his suit and backpack on. Pluto’s gravitational pull is only 13% of Earth’s. How much did Barney weigh on Pluto?
13% x 250 = 32.5 pounds
.13 x 250 = 32.5 pounds

38. 36. A wave is 5 meters high during high tide and 1
36. A wave is 5 meters high during high tide and 1.7 meters high during low tide. How much higher are waves during high tide than low tide?
5 – 1.7 = 3.3 meters