1. FORCES
Lesson 1
Friction and Gravity

2. What is a Force?
A push or a pull on an object in a particular direction.

3. CONTACT FORCES NON-CONTACT FORCES Force through CONTACT:
*Virtually all actions require a…
NON-CONTACT FORCES
Does not require contact:
Magnetic:
Static :
Gravity:
Forces are measured in
NEWTONS

4. GRAVITY
An attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass.
This force is dependent on mass and distance from the object.

5. Demonstration: Mass & Gravity
WEIGHT VS MASS
Mass:
Amount of matter in an object.
What is the difference?
Weight: Is the gravitational force exerted on an object.
Your weight is actually a force measured in Newton’s.
Demonstration: Mass & Gravity
LINK

6. Gravity and Air Resistance
Most objects falling through air experience a type of fluid friction called air resistance. Air resistance is not the same for all objects. The greater the surface area of the object the greater the air resistance. (paper drop) However, since the elephant has more mass, it has more downward force of gravity and falls faster.

7. Gravity and Free Fall
Take away ALL
air, so that only
the force of
Gravity is being
used.
An object is in free fall when the only force acting on the object is gravity. Free-falling objects do not encounter air resistance. In free fall, the force of gravity is an unbalanced force.

8. Gravity and Free Fall Gravity Tube Demonstration Video link

9. Calculating Free Fall
All objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate – 9.8 m/s² - regardless of their mass. in one second = 9.8 m/s² in two seconds = 19.6 m/s² in three seconds = 29.4 m/s² in four seconds = ________ The velocity continues to increase as the object falls.

10. Law of Universal Gravitation
The law of universal gravitation states that the force of gravity acts between all objects in the universe.

11. WHAT IS FRICTION? *Fluid…air or water
Friction is a force that resists the motion of two surfaces that are touching.
When a moving object comes in contact with another object, friction is the opposing force that slows or stops the moving object.
*Static…prevents objects sliding
*Sliding...resists objects while they are moving
*Fluid…air or water

12. Without friction, an object would continue to move at constant speed forever.
The strength of the force of friction depends on the type of surfaces and how hard the surfaces push together.
Rough surfaces produce greater friction than smooth surfaces.

13. Types of friction Video link

14. A resistance to movement that is created when two things rub together.
Sliding Friction
A resistance to movement that is created when two things rub together.

15. Ways to Reduce Friction
Smooth the surface / Put ball bearings in wheels Replace rolling with sliding / Add oil or another type of lubricant
Video link

16. A WORLD WITHOUT FRICTION
Video link

17. Fluid Friction
The force that tries to slow objects down when they move through a liquid or a gas. It's also known as "drag", or "air resistance". All gases and liquids are fluids. An airplane and a swimmer both experience fluid friction.