1. By: Mr. Godinez

2. Evolution: process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms, by change over time
Theory: is a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world
GRAVITY

3. Species: a group of individuals that can potentially interbreed
Species Population: a discrete group of potentially interbreeding organisms in the same species in a given locality

4. Evolution by Natural Selection
Struggle for existence: members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life.
Fitness: ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
Adaptation: any inherited characteristic that increase an organism change of survival

5. Survival of the fittest: individuals that are better suited for their environment-with adaptations that enable fitness-survive and reproduce most successfully.
Natural selection: results in the changes in the inherited characterits of a population. These changes increase a species fitness in its environment.

6. Historic Context 1785-James Hutton 1798-Thomas Malthus
Estimates earth to be millions of years old-Earth is OLD
1798-Thomas Malthus
Principles of Population-idea that earth cannot support a lot of humans- Limited Resources  Competition
1809-Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Inheritance of acquired traits-mechanism for how organisms change- Allowed for Idea to be Challenged

7. Historic Context 1831-Charles Darwin 1858-Alfred Wallace
Voyage on Beagle-gathers evidence leading to his theory of evolution- Observation of species diversity/variation
1858-Alfred Wallace
Comes to a similar discovery of evolution through natural selection- Competition to publish theory First
1959-Charles Darwin
Published the Origin of Species

8. Lamarck’s Evolution Hypothesis
Lamarck proposed that
By selective use or disuse of organs, organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime.
Traits could then be passed on to their offspring.
Over time, this process led to change in a species

9. Darwin’s Evolution Hypothesis
Darwin proposed that
Environment selects for traits, that would result in the survival of organisms
Organisms acquired or lost certain traits through generations.
Traits could then be passed on to their offspring.
Over time, this process led to change in a species

10. Defining Evolution
Evolution is a consequence of the interaction of four factors:
The potential for a species to increase in number
The genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction
Competition for an environment’s limited supply of the resources that individuals need in order to survive and reproduce
The resulting proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in that environment.

11. Artificial Selection
Artificial selection: nature provided that variation, and humans selected those variations that they found useful.
Led to domestication of animals and crops(plants)

12. Descent with modification: species today look different from ancestors
Descent with modification: species today look different from ancestors. Each living species had descended, with changes, from other species over time.
Common descent, all species-living and extinct-were derived from common acnetors.