1. Challenges to the New Government
Chapter 9, Section 2

2. Securing the Northwest Territory
The new nation needed peace to prosper
Why was there conflict over the West?
Competing land claims
Spain
Britain
Native Americans
United States
Where did the U.S. have the biggest problem?

4. Battle of Fallen Timbers
Why did Washington decide to send troops to the Ohio Valley to fight the force led by Little Turtle?
To secure the Northwest Territory – Washington thought this land and its security were crucial for the growth of the country
After two defeats, Washington sent a third army, led by Anthony Wayne
Known as “Mad Anthony”
Defeated the Native Americans at Ft. Miami – the Battle of Fallen Timbers

6. Treaty of Greenville
Why did the British refuse to help the Native Americans?
They didn’t want a war with the United States
What were the results of the Battle of Fallen Timbers for the Native Americans? For the United States?
Crushed Native American hopes of keeping their land in the Northwest Territory
In the Treaty of Greenville, 12 tribes agreed to give up their land (present-day Ohio and Indiana)

7. The Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
Hamilton had implemented his plan to help the government raise money
There was a tax on whiskey
Why were farmers angry about the whiskey tax?

8. The Whiskey Rebellion
Why did Washington decide to crush the rebellion and enforce the tax?
If he didn’t, it would undermine the new government and weaken its authority
Why was Washington’s treatment of the Whiskey Rebellion important?
Had shown the government had the power and the will to enforce its laws

9. The French Revolution People in France started a revolution in 1789
They wanted liberty and equality
Things changed in 1793
Movement had become violent
King and Queen were beheaded
France declared war on Britain, Spain, and Holland
They were all also ruled by monarchs
Why did war between France and Britain put the United States in a difficult spot?

10. The French Revolution
What sort of U.S. obligation to France did the wartime alliance and treaty of 1778 create?
How did Jefferson, Hamilton, and Washington think the United States should react to the war?
Jefferson – thought putting down the revolution was an attack on liberty
Hamilton – wanted to support Britain because of trade
Washington – decided to remain neutral; stayed “friendly and impartial” to both sides

11. Remaining Neutral Britain began taking goods from American ships
John Jay sent to England
Why did England agree to Jay’s Treaty?
Pinckney’s Treaty
Americans could travel on the MS River
Americans could store goods at New Orleans port
31st parallel became the northern boundary of FL
What problems did Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaty solve for the United States?

13. Key Terms
Battle of Fallen Timbers – in 1794, an American army defeated 2,000 Native Americans in a clash over control of the Northwest Territory
Treaty of Greenville – a 1795 agreement in which 12 Native American tribes surrendered much of present-day Ohio and Indiana to the U.S. government
Whiskey Rebellion – a 1794 protest against the government’s tax on whiskey, which was valuable to the livelihood of backcountry farmers
French Revolution – in 1789, the French launched a movement for liberty and equality
Neutral – not siding with one country or the other
Jay’s Treaty – the agreement that ended dispute over American shipping during the French Revolution
Pinckney’s Treaty – a 1795 treaty with Spain that allowed Americans to use the Mississippi River and to store goods in New Orleans; made the 31st parallel the southern U.S. border