1. Political Units
Many of the terms used in government originated in Greece and Rome, such as:
Politics: Polis-Greek: meaning city
Democracy: demos’ meaning whole citizen living within a particular city-state; ‘kratos’ meaning power or rule. (Gov of, for and by the people who have say)
Republic (Gov. where the people have supreme control)

2. Fathers of Representative Government AKA: Western Tradition
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle

3. Socrates (470-399) Earliest of the Greek Philosophers
True wisdom comes to each of us when we realize how little we understand about life, ourselves, and the world around us. ***Socrates***
Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy.

4. Plato (437-347) Greek scholar and student of Socrates.
Expanded Socrates theory of representative government that has become known as Western Tradition

5. Aristotle ( )
Student of Plato and a Greek scholar; known as one of the first true students of representative government (Western Tradition) in the Greek city-states.
“The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal.”
***Aristotle***

6. State and Country A State and a Country basically are the same thing.
State come from the Latin word stare “meaning to stand”
In the US the words “State” has a different meaning. When the 13 colonies were in existence each state considered itself a separate nation.
Not until our Declaration of Independence created our government did we united all state into one Nation called the “United States.”

7. 4 Features (qualifications) of a State:
Specific Population (people)
2. Political Boundaries (borders)
3. Sovereignty (The people have supreme power within it’s borders with no outside control)
4. Government (maintain order)

8. Nation The term nation refers to an independent state or nation
A nation, country and state can often times mean the same thing.

9. Theories of State How countries (or states) have been created has changed over time. Here are the 4 main ways countries have been created through time!
The four basic theories of state are:
1. Evolutionary Theory (evolves thru family)
2. Force Theory (use of military to govern)
3. Devine Right Theory (God given right to rule)
4. Social Contact Theory (contract between people and Government)

10. Evolutionary Theory
The believe that countries or states were created through the family and leadership was passed down through the family
Monarchy
Egs: Ottoman (Turkey), Safivid (Iran and Iraq), Mughal (N. India), Qing and Ming Dynasties (China)
Ancient World History

11. Force Theory
The nation or state was created through force (military) through a small group
Persian Empire, Greece (Athens vs. Sparta),Early Roman Empire, Nazi Germany

12. Divine Right God given Right to rule
Ancient Egypt, Islamic Nations of Middle East, Greece (mythology Early Greece)

13. Social Contract
The belief that a state should be run by the people for the good of the people
Started in 1600’s, continues today
Most Democratic Nations
United States is basically under a social contract

14. Purpose of Government Maintain Order Provide Service
(authorities and courts)
Provide Service
(public schools, libraries, social services
Provide National Security
(Militia-army, air force, navy, marines)
Make Economic Decisions
(Treasury and Government spending)

15. Supporters of the Social Contract
Thomas Hobbes –mid 1600’s (English)
first to publish the social contract
theory (rights of individuals as citizens)
John Locke -late 1600’s (English)
Took the social contract theory to a
higher level by forcing King James ll out of the throne because he had become to powerful.