1. The Ottoman Empire
AIM:

2. DO NOW: Culture of the East Mainly Muslim Spoke Arabic and Turkish
Mainly arab and Asian
Culture of the West
Mainly Christian or Jewish
Spoke English, Spanish, Greek
Mainly Caucasian and European
If people from the east and the west joined together to form a country, what challenges might they face?

3. Homework Turn In HW#2 Due Today HW#3 Ottoman Empire (Due Wednesday)
Map (Worth 5 HW)
Vocabulary
Student/Parent Contract (Due Monday) – Worth 2 HW
Make Up Points – Turn in CW/HW/etc. with corrections to earn points back

4. Ottoman Empire
What’s going on in the middle east…. -After Muhammad’s death in 632, Muslim faith and power is spreading throughout the Middle East. -The Arab/Muslim Empire is getting HUGE

6. The MONGOL Effect
By 1215, foreign invaders (Mongols from eastern Asia) took over the lands of the Muslim empire
Islam’s power in the Middle East started to decline

7. Mongolian Empire

8. THEN
A new empire arose out of the leftovers of the old sultanates (kingdoms) of Anatolia (Turkey).
1299 A.D.- one of these sultans (Osman) began to expand his kingdom
Osman started the Ottoman Empire, named after him

9. ORIGINS of the Ottoman Empire
It was one of the largest & longest lasting empires in history
It was an empire supported & inspired by Islam
It replaced the Byzantine Empire (former Roman Empire) as the major power in the Eastern Mediterranean.

10. Religion Founded on the principles of Islam United by Islamic beliefs
Churches were converted into mosques
Tolerant of other religions, especially Christians and Jews
Encouraged loyalty from other religious faith groups

11. Mosque In Istanbul

12. The Janissaries Group of soldiers loyal to the sultan (king)
Army of slaves & Christian converts to Islam
Helped to expand the empire
Became so powerful that the sultans feared them

15. Document A: Janissaries
a. What advantages did the Janissaries have over other troops? (Hint: think about training and tools)
b. How did the Janissaries contribute to the Ottoman Empire?

16. Janissaries (In Turkish – “new” “soldiers”), were the standing Ottoman Turkish army and were organized by the sultan. As the Ottoman Empire developed, it was necessary to have paid troops loyal only to the sultan. They were created through the conversion of Christian children during invasions of countries.
The Janissaries were responsible for the great expansion of the Ottoman Empire, including the capture of Constantinople in They were led by the Sultan and created the first military bands. Janissaries were also effective with new firearms, archery, axes, and sabers. They easily defeated European armies.
In 1449, they revolted for the first time, demanding higher wages, after becoming aware of their own importance and desire for a better life. As they became more wealthy, they turned into a corrupt and useless caste. They were disbanded and a new army was created.

18. Origins of the Ottoman Empire
1352 A.D. sultans able to cross over into Europe
1453 A.D.-Ottoman soldiers known as Janissaries conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) from the Byzantine empire, thus ending the Roman Empire.
1517 A.D. Ottomans had control of Egypt & extended control to most of North African coast.
: peak of power during rule of Suleiman (“The Magnificent”)

19. Ottoman Empire Expansion

20. Ottoman Map 2

22. Document B: Expansion of the Ottoman Empire
a. How far did the Ottoman empire reach to the east? To the west?
b. What were some geographical advantages of the Ottoman Empire?

23. Document C: Treatment of Conquered Peoples
a. Name 2 ways the Ottomans were tolerant of other religions -
b. Name 1 way the Ottomans showed preference to Muslims

24. Positive Treatment of Conquered Peoples
The Millet System:
Each religious’ community was separated from other groups and organized into a millet, or nation. These were not based on national origins, but rather on religion. For example, all Jews in the empire belonged to the Jewish millet. Each millet keeps its own schools, communal buildings, and even its own court system. The millet system enabled each religious group to have more autonomy (control) over its own affairs. It also allowed the Ottomans to maintain a lower tax burden on the people.
Sephardic Jews
The Ottoman Sultain Beyazit II issued an official decree to welcome the Jews into his empire. The Sephardic Jews were expelled from Spain. They were able to take an active role in society working as doctors and Rabbis were able to use printing presses to write.

25. Preferential Treatment of Muslims
Despite the high degree of religious tolerance under the Ottoman Turks, the empire did give preferential treatment to its Muslim population. For instance, non-Muslims had to pay an extra tax. Until the final years of the empire, only Muslims were allowed to obtain high office in the government.
Devshirme:
The worst persecution of non-Muslims was the practice of devshirme, which means “tribute of children.” This practice forced children out of the homes of non-Muslims to be raised as Ottoman Muslims.

26. Suleiman
Ruled from
Made Ottoman Empire the richest & most powerful empire in Europe and Southwest Asia at the time

27. Suleiman Greatest Ottoman leader of all time
Brought justice & harmony by publishing a code of laws (“The Lawgiver”)
Feared & respected by Europeans
Turned Constantinople into a great center of art, music, writing, and philosophy
Wrote some of the most beautiful poetry of his time

28. Suleiman
Suleiman believed that the entire world was his possession as a gift of God.
Vast amounts of Islamic territories were annexed or invaded.
Very strong military
Expert in developing gunpowder as a military tool

29. Suleiman the Great
List 3 ways Suleiman contributed to the golden age of the Ottoman Empire. -

30. Suleiman was the son of a sultan, Slim I
Suleiman was the son of a sultan, Slim I. When he was a teenager, he became governor of Kaffa and learned about politics, law, cultures, and places in the empire.
Upon assuming the throne of sultan, he immediately began military campaigns to expand the empire. During his rule the Ottomans took control of parts of Hungary, Romania, and the Mediterranean Sea as well as parts of northern Africa. He defeated the Safavids and united a large part of the Islamic World.
He was seen as an excellent leader and transformed the Ottoman Empire into an economic powerhouse. He reformed the law and created a single legal code. He reworked the tax system, build schools, and supported the arts. The time period during his rule is known as the golden age in the Ottoman Empire.

31. The Muslim Ottoman Empire eventually controlled what is now:
Turkey
Egypt
Greece
Bulgaria
Romania
Macedonia
Hungary
Palestine
Jordan
Lebanon
Syria
Much of the coastal strip of North Africa
Parts of Arabia

32. TEAL Paragraph – Why did the Ottoman empire become so powerful
TEAL Paragraph – Why did the Ottoman empire become so powerful? Explain using evidence from the documents.