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Spread of civilizations in east asia

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1 Spread of civilizations in east asia
Unit Five

2 Buddhism Section Two

3 Setting the stage By the 6th century BC, Hinduism and the caste system had become a way of life in India. For Hindus, the only way to gain salvation was by obeying caste rules and following complex rituals performed by Brahmin priests. These rules and rituals, however, did not meet the needs of the common people. As a result, some Hindus began to listen to the message of a rising religious teacher.

4 Siddharta gautama New religion was called Buddhism
Founded by Siddharta Gautama SIDDHARTA GAUTAMA: Indian prince born in 563 BC; later known as Buddha One day, when he was almost 30, Gautama saw first a dying old man, then a sick man in great pain, then a dead man, and finally a wandering religious beggar. These encounters came as a shock to the prince. Why, he asked, was there such sorrow in the world? Gautama decided to give up his life of luxury to seek understanding. For several years Gautama followed the Hindu way of self-denial and meditation. Still he felt troubled. Finally, at the age of 35, he sat down under a sacred fig tree and vowed never to leave the spot until he found answers. On the forty-ninth day, he suddenly saw the reason for life’s sufferings and a way to overcome them. From that time on, he was known as the Buddha, the “Enlightened One.”

5 Buddha’s teachings Four Noble Truths:
Sorrow and suffering are part of life People suffer because they constantly try to get things they can’t have The way to escape suffering is to overcome these desires and reach a state of “not wanting” To reach nirvana people should follow a “middle way” NIRVANA: state of enlightenment MIDDLE WAY: having neither too much nor too little pleasure

6 Challenge to hinduism Many of Buddha’s teachings stemmed from Hinduism
Three main differences exist between Buddhism and Hinduism: Buddhism placed more importance on how one lived than on one’s caste; Buddhists did not find value in Brahmins’ complex rituals; and, Buddhists do believe in reincarnation, but that it is not necessary for becoming pure.

7 Growth of buddhism Buddha and followers traveled doing missionary work
Monasteries became centers of teaching and learning Buddhism split into two schools of thought: THERAVADA BUDDHISM: Buddhists who remained close to original teachings MAHAYANA BUDDHISM: Buddhists who developed a complex religion with temples, saints and statues of the Buddha Mahayana Buddhism spread into China, Japan and Korea Theravada Buddhism spread into Sri Lanka, Burma and Southeast Asia

8

9 Golden age for india Section three

10 Rise of the mauryan empire
By the 6th century BC, several kingdoms existed in northeast India, on the great plain of the Ganges River. One of those kingdoms, the Magadha Kingdom, ruled the entire plain of the Ganges, and much of northern India. Around 300 BC, Chandragupta Maurya seized power Empire included all of northern India and part of present day Afghanistan Empire had a strong central government

11 Reign of asoka Around 269 BC, the empire passed to Chandragupta’s grandson, Asoka Asoka was influenced by Buddhism Proclamations were written in stone and carried throughout his empire

12 Breakup of Mauryan empire
Asoka has been judged one of the world’s greatest rulers Death in 232 BC left a void in leadership Over the next 500 years, northern and central India splintered

13 Rise of the gupta empire
Around 320 AD, the Gupta Empire was established First emperor took the name Chandra Gupta Last great Hindu empire Often referred to as India’s Classical Age

14 Gupta Empire achievements
Literature showed importance of Hinduism in life Produced plays and poetry in sanskrit SANSKRIT: Indian language of literature Astronomers, scientists and mathematicians were far ahead of the rest of the world

15 Fall of the gupta empire
Lasted for almost 200 years In the middle of the 5th century, Huns began to raid the borders By 500 AD, the northern part of India was once again broken into many kingdoms

16 Muslim rule in india Section four

17 Setting the stage Soon after the rise of Islam, the followers of this new religion set about conquering neighboring peoples. From the 700’s to the 1500’s, four different groups of Muslims invaded India. Eventually most of the Indian peninsula was united under Muslim rule. Although the majority of Indian people remained Hindu, Muslim rulers left a lasting mark on Indian society and culture.

18 Conflict between hinduism and islam
Two religions differed in basic principles – number of Gods and equality of people Two faiths could not mix

19 Muslim invasions of india
In early 700’s, Muslim invaders claimed northern India for Muslim empire In the 11th and 12th centuries, Muslims moved in and occupied all of India north of the Deccan Indian territories became separate Muslim kingdom – a sultanate

20 Delhi sultanate Named by the caliph of Baghdad
Ruled for over 300 years Lived in great luxury – taxing non-Muslims Gov’t was never stable Delhi Sultanate fell in 1526

21 Mongol rule in india Section five

22 Setting the stage In the early 1500’s, Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan, led his army into India. In 1526, the Delhi Sultanate fell. Though Babur died shortly after the conquest, he succeeded in establishing a new empire in India. This empire was called the Mogul Empire, coming from the Persian word for Mongol.

23 Reign of akbar Akbar ruled for 49 years and controlled most of India
Well respected and supported Allowed religious freedoms Lessened conflict between Hindus and Muslims

24 Akbar’s Successors Son and grandson continued policies of fairness, efficiency and compromise Grandson took the title of shah in 1628 SHAH: king Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal TAJ MAHAL: architectural wonder of the world, built for Shah Jahan’s wife

25 End of mongol rule Shah Jahan’s son seized the throne in 1658
By his death in 1707, Mongol empire had gained territory, but lost its strength


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