1. The Rise of Islam
Chapter 10

2. Time period and lifestyle
500 AD
Arabian Peninsula
Silk Road caravans
Allah

3. Muhammad
While praying, Muhammad heard a voice, the angel Gabriel, that told Muhammad he was the messenger of Allah
This is the first pillar
Muslims think the image of Muhammad is prohibited to avoid idolism

4. Muhammad One by one Muhammad started to preach
Islam – “submission to the will of Allah”
Muslim – “one who has submitted”
613 Muhammad begins to preach

5. Hijrah Muhammad and his followers move from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina)
Muhammad gains a large following in Medina

6. Back to Mecca
630 – Muhammad marches from Medina back to Mecca with his army
Muslim armies take over the Byzantine and Sassanid empires

7. The Five Pillars or Islam

8. The five pillars of Islam
Faith – “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”
Prayer – Five times a day, Muslims face toward Mecca to pray
Alms – Muslims pay a special religious tax to help the poor
Fasting – During Ramadan, Muslims fast between dawn and sunset
Pilgrimage – All Muslims who are physically and financially able to perform hajj, pilgrimage to Mecca. Must wear identical garments so that all stand as equals before Allah

10. Mosque

11. Qur’an & shari’a Holy book of Muslims
Only Arabic can be used in worship
Islamic law regulating family life, moral conduct, and business and community life

12. Islam Expands Caliph – successor or deputy 632 Muhammad dies
He did not name a successor or tell his followers how to choose one
Caliph – successor or deputy
Abu-Bakr

13. Abu-Bakr and the jihad People of other religions stopped paying taxes
Issued jihad – “striving” – inner struggle against evil
In the Qur’an it is used as an armed struggle against unbelievers
Used as an excuse as expansion

14. “Rightly guided” caliphs
Rightly guided because they knew Muhammad and guided just like him
Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali – Caliphate
By 750 the Muslim Empire stretched 6,000 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River

16. What if you were a different religion already?
Muslim armies were well trained and took down the Byzantine and Sassanid Empires
The Qur’an forbids forced conversion
Jews and Christians – “people of the book” – could pay a tax to become exempt from military service
Could not spread their religion, but could hold official jobs, become scholars, and bureaucrats

17. Internal conflict Assassinations
The capital was moved away from Mecca to Damascus
Leaders surrounded themselves with wealth
Lead to a division
Sunni-Shia GO

18. Sunni-Shia Split Shi’a meaning the party of Ali – Shi’ites
Sunni mean followers of Muhammad's example
Sufi – rejected luxuries and lived a life of poverty and devotion to the spiritual path

19. Muslim Culture
Cordoba – poets, philosophers, scientists. The dazzling center of Muslim culture
Sakks – checks

20. Muslim Culture
Al-jabr – algebra
Optics – book about vision
Trade

21. Muslim Women
The Qur’an states – “Men are the managers of the affairs of women” “Righteous women are therefore obedient”
As believers men and women are equal
Shari’a gives women specific legal rights concerning marriage, family, and property

22. Muslim women Women were to submit to men
Divorce – “I dismiss thee” three times
Women raised the children
Over time women were to live increasingly isolated lives
In public they are to be veiled

23. Muslim women
Shari’a allowed a man to have four wives if he could treat them justly and fulfill the marriage contract. Most contracts required a man to provide a wife with suitable clothes and a place to live. Some contracts forbade taking other wives.

24. Extremism/Radicalism
An ideology that lies far outside the mainstream that may violate common moral standards – political, military, religious, economy
Having extreme views ^^^^^

25. Terrorism
Extreme jihadists
Define terrorism ?????

26. Why do many Muslims hate the USA?
Creation of Israel – 1948 – and continued backing
Destruction of Iraq in 1991 and 2003
Exploitation of natural resources
Bad PR blunders include: backing Osama Bin Laden, media portrayal of Islam
Portrayal of women and excess