1. Imperialism

2. Imperialism and Colonialism
Imperialism- the domination of European powers (or any power) over subject lands in the larger world
Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Portugal
United States
Japan
Colonialism- Political, social, economic, and cultural structures that enable imperial powers to dominate subject lands
Control domestic and foreign policies
Integrate local economies into network of global capitalism
Introduce European business techniques
Transform educational systems according to European standards
Promote European cultural preferences

3. Motives
Imperial expansion seen as crucial to the survival of European states and societies- EXPAND OR DIE!
Economic Theories
Industrialization
Need for raw materials, labor (pay off leaders to help exploit labor), new consumer markets, settlement
Greed
Land + Resources
Diplomatic Theories
Power politics (competition between European nations)
National prestige
Strategic military and commercial locations
Diffuse social tension, inspire patriotism
Psychological Theories
White supremacy/racism
Social Darwinism- strongest survive and rule
Cultural Theories
Missions to convert and civilize
“Duty” to bring Christianity, political order, social stability, and enlightenment

5. Role of Technology Transportation/Communication Military
Steamships and Railroads enable domination, administration, communication, and commercialization
Canals facilitate the building and maintenance of empires
Panama + Suez
Telegraph offers distinct imperial advantage for communication over land and sea
Military
Rifled machine gun
Maxim gun- fires 11 bullets per second
Ensure European dominance over subject lands and their people

6. European Imperialism British Imperial Rule- India
Company Rule- company (East India Company) conquers autonomous kingdoms
“Doctrine of Lapse”- failure to produce a male heir results in territories lapsing to the company
Enforced by small British army and sepoys (Indian troops)
Central and Southeast Asia- Britain and Russia
French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
Direct Rule
Assimilation- Indoctrinate subject peoples with all aspects of French life i.e. education, behavior, language, Christianity
Pacific
Settler Colonies in Australia
Violence and disease decimate aboriginal populations
Convicts

7. U.S. and Japanese Imperialism
United States
Monroe Doctrine
Spanish-American War
Philippines
Panama Canal
Roosevelt Corollary
Japan
Korea
Sino-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War

8. Scramble for Africa
Motives- economic, diplomatic, psychological, cultural
Information compiled by explorers of interior regions
Colonies established- Congo Free State, Egypt
Settlers in South Africa
Dutch Afrikaners/Boers
Believed God had predestined them to claim the people and the resources of the Cape
Encroachment on African lands- hostility, warfare, enslavement, smallpox epidemics
Boer War ( )
Berlin West Africa Conference
12 European states + U.S. and Ottoman Empire- no African representation
Agreement for future claims on Africa
Notify others of its claim
Effective occupation
Objectives: end slave trade, civilization and Christianity, commerce/trade

11. Scramble for Africa Systems of Colonial Rule
Early approach- Concessionary Companies
Direct Rule (French)
European personnel collect taxes, recruit labor and military, maintain law and order
Colonial boundaries cut across African political and ethnic borders
Assimilation
Indirect Rule (British)
Use traditional African local rulers to pass directives by British government
Highest governors and administrators were white
Decentralization and continuity of authority
Cheap, practical, and safe- “Democratic rule”
Belgians and Portuguese raid and use colonies for wealth- administration not emphasized

12. Scramble for Africa African Responses
Resistors- those who put up a fight against the white intrusion
Afrocentric view
Freedom fighters, African nationalists, Inspiring
Eurocentric view
Reactionaries- wasting time, lost power and influence
Collaborators- those who cooperated with their new leaders
Could fight later when it was necessary
Weak, sellouts OR used solid judgement, wait for right opportunity
Progressive realists, gained power and influence