1. Health, Human Rights and Intervention
Topic 8: Option 8 A Lesson 3
Health, Human Rights and Intervention

2. Lesson 2:Objectives revised
To continue with the idea that concepts of human development are complex and contested:
Rosling’s ideas about improvements in environmental quality, health, life expectancy and human rights being more significant goals for human development while economic growth is often the best means of delivering them.
Education is central to human development – a view that is not universally shared…

3. What was Prof Rosling’s view?

6. Lesson 3:Objectives
To understand that there are notable variations in human health and life expectancy in the world .
To understand that there are notable variations in human health and life expectancy in the developing world .
SKILLS: To be able to interpret a large range of geographical information including global distribution maps, graphs , dependency ratios and written documents

7. TODAY’S SPECIFICATION CONTENT:
Enquiry question 1: What is human development and why do levels vary from place to place?
TODAY’S SPECIFICATION CONTENT:
Key idea:
8A.2 There are notable variations in human health and life expectancy.
Detailed content:
a. There are considerable variations in health and life expectancy in the developing world that are explained by differential access to basic needs such as food, water supply and sanitation, and which impact particularly on levels of infant and maternal mortality. (2)

8. KEY CONCEPTS:
Causality: Causes of mortality and differences in life expectancy
Inequality: How and why variations in health and life expectancy exist between and within countries

9. KEY TERMS:( write out in your own time…)
Life Expectancy: The average number of years a person might be expected to live based on the year of their birth
Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1000 per year
Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1000 per year
Infant mortality: The number of infant deaths that occur for every 1,000 live births
Maternal mortality: The number of maternal deaths per live births
Dystopia: term used to describe a culture or society that consists of human misery and unhappiness, characterised by poverty, squalor, lack of freedom, high crime rates, poor health and overcrowding
Deprivation: When an individual’s well- being and quality of life fall below a level regarded as a reasonable minimum.
OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Group of 35 nations who aim to promote policies to improve the economic and social well- being of people around the world

10. WHITEBOARD PAIRED THINKING
What do you think are the FOUR necessities of human life?
1. Access to safe water
2. Food
3. Proper sanitation
4. Proper healthcare
( add to notes )

11. WHITEBOARDS OUT! Which countries have the longest and shortest life expectancies?
(Longest life expectancy: Test Tube News )
SHORTEST?
( Top 10 countries with shortest life expectancy)
WERE YOU RIGHT?!

12. How long can we expect to live?
Map Showing Life Expectancy
Map from CIA world factbook/wikimedia commons
According to this map which continent has the lowest life expectancy?
AFRICA e.g. ANGOLA(51) CHAD(51) LESOTHO(40) SIERRAL LEONNE(46)
Which countries have the highest life expectancy?
JAPAN (84) SWEDEN(83) AUSTRALIA(83) SWITZERLAND( 83)ICELAND (83) and ANDORRA (83)

13. My Grandad is about to be 105 on Oct 21st!!
‘Blitz firefighter celebrates his hundredth birthday’ (Photo from Birmingham post October Dennis Bick- google him!!!)

14. Global Variations in human health and life expectancy
‘Life expectancy depends on health and the two are important indicators of human development .’
Fig Hodder P.180 shows that for over much of the world, life expectancy is now over 65 yrs. The one obvious exception to this is Africa.
In nearly all countries, female life expectancy is greater than males and in many developed countries the difference can be 5 yrs or more( e.g. UK life expectancy for men is 78.4 whilst women is 82.8 yrs)
In the least developed countries the age differential is less.( e.g. Bhutan – men =68.6 yrs whilst women = 70.5)
In a few countries the situation is actually reversed( e.g. Botswana- men = 56 yrs whilst women = 52.3 ) This may be because of the high rate of maternal mortality( death during child birth) plus he high incidence of HIV/AIDS

15. TASK
1.Study the graphs fig 4.8 ( Ref Pearson Edexcel p.199- see colour version in textbook) in the booklet .
Compare and suggest reasons for the patterns of life expectancy, maternal mortality and infant mortality.

16. Which countries are said to be the healthiest in the world?
WHITEBOARDS OUT!
Which countries are said to be the healthiest in the world?
HOW MANY DID YOU GET?!

17. Global Variations in human health and life expectancy
In terms of health it is harder to portray a global picture as not as much data is readily available. As well as life expectancy TWO OTHER medical measures should also be considered
1) Number of doctors per 100, 000 people
2) % of the population with regular access to essential drugs
See Global map Hodder Fig which shows that over 95% of population in developed countries( such as UK) have access to essential drugs , 50-95% of population in emerging countries ( such as Brazil) but less than 50% in least developed countries such as Sierra Leone
*THESE MAPS BOTH ILLUSTRATE THE POINT THAT AT A GLOBAL SCALE, LEVELS OF BOTH LIFE EXPECTANCY AND HEALTH VARY CONSIDERABLY FROM PLACE TO PLACE*

19. WHITEBOARD PAIRED THINKING
What kind of factors do you think cause the spatial variations in health and life expectancy in the developing countries?
Extension: Can you think of any specific examples?
3 mins..

20. Brainstorm……….. Widespread poverty Tensions between different groups
Spatial variations of human health
and life expectancy in developing countries
Countries with large % Level of child and maternal
of dependents mortality………

21. Spatial variations in human health and life expectancy in the developing world (ADD DETAILED NOTES BELOW…)
1.Widespread poverty ( with a lack of food, water and poor sanitation) and overcrowding , especially in rapidly growing cities ( such as Lagos, Nigeria or Mumbai, India)ensure that health issues ( such as malaria and cholera)persist in many developing countries, despite eradicating some diseases.
2.Tensions between different groups in developing countries such as in Syria and Libya can lead to open conflict affecting people’s health and well- being.
3.Countries with large numbers of dependants ( the young and the elderly) can also put a strain on the health of a country’s population. Dependency ratios compare 100 people of working age ( 15 to 64 yrs) with those not working or those under 15( young dependents)or over 64( old dependents). In 2014, Niger had 107 young dependents for every 100 people of working age whilst Argentina had 17 old dependents for every 100 people of working age. China’s elderly dependency ratio is predicted to rise to 39:100 by 2050.
4. Maternal mortality has improved globally, with an average decline of 45% between 1990 and However, some developing countries performed well, such as Cambodia (86%) and Laos(80%) while others did poorly, such as the Ivory Coast (3%) and Kenya( 17%).
5. Similarly there has been a global average reduction of 47% in child mortality but with large variations e.g. Peru (77%) and Egypt(75%) do well but the Democratic Republic of Congo( DRC) (15%) and Somalia(17%) do badly.

22. The dependency ratio
In society, children and the elderly are dependent on people who work and pay taxes to support them. This is shown as the DEPENDENCY RATIO.
At present in the UK there are 4 workers for every dependent person.
DEPENDENTS
WORKERS
Needs
Schools, vaccinations, child care, clinics, paid child benefits, public transport.
Needs
Hospitals, care homes, pensions, home carers, public transport.

23. Global Distribution of Life Expectancy https://www. youtube. com/watch
Global Distribution of Life Expectancy SEE VARIATIONS WITHIN AFRICA

24. Spatial variations in human health and life expectancy in the developing world e.g AFRICA
Africa illustrates the fact that there are significant variations in health and life expectancy within certain areas of the developing world as both maps fig and show, particularly between the north and the rest of the continent:
e.g. Egypt (>66yr)
Sudan (60-63yr)
Somalia(54-57yr)
Tanzania(63-66 yr)
Mozambique(<54yr)
South Africa (54-57yr)

25. TASK
2. Read the case study info on The Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC) and Algeria, Africa in relation to differences in HDI values as shown on the map fig 1 ( Ref Oxford p )
i)Using fig 1 describe the pattern of HDI values across Africa
ii) Using the examples of Algeria and DRC identify factors to explain why HDI values can vary so much between countries in the developing world.

26. EXTENSION TASK: http://wdi.worldbank.org/tables
Explore the World Development Indicators tables of data produced by the World Bank ( above link)
Choose 3 different countries and create a summary table to enable a comparison of health and life expectancy with food, water and sanitation.
Describe and attempt to explain the differences between your selected countries.

27. Plenary: Health in the news- the developing world
Danger map reveals health threat zone (June )
Worst outbreak of cholera in Yemen (June 25th 2017)

28. H/W 1.Complete all tasks and detailed notes from today’s lesson
2.Look on Weebly at lesson 4 . Write out key terms and complete first detailed brainstorm explaining why there are spatial variations of human health and life expectancy in developed countries.