1. Waterways

2. What are the advantages/disadvantages?
Trade
Transportation
Resource (drinking, bathing)
Agriculture
Floods
Disputes of control
Weather
pollution

3. Major Waterways
The Mississippi River

4. The Caspian Sea
divided between Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan.
World’s largest body of enclosed water.

5. Mediterranean Sea: Heavily contested region in world history
Trade route that connects Europe, Africa, and Asia
Movement of People, Goods, Ideas
Region

6. Gibraltar:
Narrow strait separating Europe from Africa

7. Bosporus and Dardanelles
Connects the Mediterranean to the interior of the continent
City of Istanbul
Controls trade and transportation to Russia and the interior of Asia

8. Deepest in world: a mile from surface to bottom at deepest point
Lake Baikal
Deepest in world: a mile from surface to bottom at deepest point
400 miles long, holds 20% of world’s fresh water
very clean lake, home to 1,200 unique plant, animal species

9. Danube River One of Europe’s most important rivers
Flows through much of central and eastern Europe
Forms the border of 10 countries
Empties into the Black Sea

10. Volga longest in Europe drains into Caspian Sea
flows 2,300 miles south from Moscow
carries 60% of Russia’s river traffic

11. Rhine River
Begins in Switzerland and flows north through Rotterdam, Netherlands
Flows through 9 countries, important river in the BENELUX region and western Germany

12. Polders: Land from the Sea
“God created the world, but the Dutch created Holland.”
To hold growing population, the Dutch reclaimed land from the sea.
40% of the Netherlands was once under water.
The Dutch built dikes—earthen banks that hold back the sea.
A polder is a piece of land reclaimed by diking and draining land.

13. Seaworks
Seaworks are structures like dikes that control the sea’s destructive force.
Terpen are high earthen platforms that provide safe ground during floods.
In 1400s windmills were used to power pumps that drained land. Today, the pumps are powered by electricity.

14. Transforming the Sea
Zuider Zee is an arm of North sea that the Dutch turned into a fresh-water lake.
The Dutch built dikes across the waterway in early the 1900s.
The saltwater was eventually replaced by fresh water.
The project added hundreds of square miles of land to the Netherlands, and created Lake Ijsselmeer.

15. AMAZON RIVER
The Amazon is the largest river in the world. It begins in the Andes Mountains in Peru and flows east across Brazil. It is 4,000 miles long.

16. Nile River
4,000 miles long
90% of Egypt's population
Flows north

17. Egypt: The “Gift of the Nile”
Nile Delta
Annual Nile Flooding
95% of the Egyptian people live on 5% of the land!

18. Congo River and Basin
Flows through central African tropical rainforest
Second largest river in Africa
Important transportation route

19. Niger River Basin Located in Western Africa
Delta of Niger River is known as “Oil Delta”
Historic deposits of gold

20. Suez Canal Man made Connects the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea
Completed by the British in 1869

21. The Fertile Crescent

22. The Tigris & Euphrates River System
Mesopotamia: ”Land Between the Two Rivers”
-Sustained one of the earliest civilizations ever!
-Great for agriculture

23. The Ganges
Holy- Hinduism
Purification powers
People bathe, use for drinking, worship, temples line river, death rituals, industrial waste=HIGH bacteria counts and disease rates
Extreme Pollution

25. The Yellow River Huang He (Yellow River). -Floods frequently.
-Extremely polluted
-Industrialization along the river

26. The Yangtze River Longest river in China Main river for southern China
3rd longest in the world
Main river for southern China
1/3 of China’s population
Empties out to China Sea at Shanghai
Main river for rice agriculture

27. MEKONG River
Begins in China and crosses several Southeast Asian nations
Forms a boundary between Myanmar and Laos and between Laos and Thailand

28. Strait of Malacca Important shipping channel
Connects Indian Ocean with Pacific Ocean
Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore along it