1. The Cold War Begins 1945 – 1991

2. Where did it all begin?
Both US and Russia contributed to hostility and fear/paranoia
Communism vs. Capitalism
Democracy vs. otalitarianism
USSR – sphere of influence and spread ideas
Policy of Containment – G. Kennan – can’t defeat communism, but you can keep it in its borders

3. Where did it all begin?
Teheran – Churchill, Stalin, FDR meet for first time
Discuss future of Poland
Casablanca – unconditional surrender of Axis only
Yalta – Big 3
USSR Would receive territory in Pacific
Post war Poland – US wants democratic elections held, and Stalin promises
Germany – split into 4 zones
Stalin tried to est. communism in Eastern Europe
Potsdam CONFERENCE
Truman, Stalin, Churchill meet
No Russian claims to Germany discussed

4. Where did it all begin?
Turkey and Greece – civil wars lead to victimization and weakness
Truman Doctrine – BECOMES containment policy
400 million to countries in danger of falling to communism
Russia refuses our offer
Marshall Plan
Provides economic assistance to rebuild Europe – EVEN to communist satellites
Berlin Airlift
3 Western zones of Berlin merge into one ‘democratic supportive’ zone
Stalin responds with blockade
U.S. and Truman air lift supplies to those Berliners with no food or medicine

7. BERLIN AIRLIFT

8. Candy Lift

9. Reactions? NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization (April, 1949)
Led by Eisenhower
Collective security
An attack on one member is seen as attack on all
UN not strong enough
Warsaw pact
Response to NATO from Stalin
Comprised of Russian satellites
ARMS RACE – CONTEST BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE WEST TO GAIN NUCLEAR SUPREMACY
USSR gets bomb in Truman responds with development of hydrogen bomb
Chinese Communist Revolution – 1949, Mao Zedong
Berlin Wall (1961) – built by East German government to eliminate West workforce
Became symbol of Cold War
Toppled in 1989

12. The Korean War
After WWII, Korea divided into Communist North and Democratic South at 38th parallel
North Korea and Chinese vs. United Nations…with help of the U.S.
MacArthur sent to get back South Korea after North invades
Attacks enemy from behind, and pushes into North Korea
Chinese drive U.S. and MacArthur back into South Korea
MacArthur and Truman fight over how much of Korea should be allied; MacArthur fired
Not a ‘popular’ war – 55,000 Americans killed, and no gain
Divide remains at 38th parallel
Leads to formation of SEATO, ended in 1977
CONTAINMENT, BUT NO VICTORY

17. Domestic Issues… Post war America Fair Deal Rejected (Truman) GI Bill
Inflation
Flooding in job market
Fair Deal Rejected (Truman)
Democrats blamed, Republicans regain control of Congress
Taft Hartley – limits the power of the unions
National health care denied
Minimum wages increased
Expands social security – disabled and handicapped
Low income housing
Civil rights – job discrimination and military desegregated, act does not go through
Dixiecrats are born – Democrats who believe in segregation

18. Domestic Issues… Culture of Fear Domestic Fear and Communism
Dark, media, propaganda, films, duck and cover, fall out shelters , nuclear power
Domestic Fear and Communism
HUAC – House of Un-American ACtivities
Seeks out the ‘communists’ in the country
Blacklisted many Hollywood stars – “the 10”
Hollywood makes patriotic movies
McCarran Walter Act – prevents immigration of certain people from Communist countries, or allowed for arrest of Communists
Duck and Cover America! – Paranoia of Bomb
Espionage & Spying Scare – FBI, CIA…
Alger Hiss – pumpkin papers
Rosenberg's executed for selling atomic secrets

23. Domestic Issues… Senator Joseph McCarthy
“I have a list of 205 communists in my hand…”
Accused and tried hundreds of Americans as being communist which lead to widespread paranoia
Hearing televised – McCarthy was seen as bully, alcoholic, and had no factual evidence to support claims
Trampled 1st amendment
Died several years later of cirrhosis

24. I LIKE IKE
Dwight D. Eisenhower, general in WWII, becomes president in 1953
Gets us out of Korea immediately
Vietnam first big skirmish
French occupied, then Ho Chi Minh, head of Vietnamese Communist Party, VC (…we’ll see them in a few years!) declares Vietnam free from French
Eisenhower provides money and military aid to French
DOMINO THEORY
France leaves, and South Vietnam remains guarded

25. I LIKE IKE Middle East Latin America Israel/Palestine Conflict
Pro-Communist Iran leader replaced with Shah of Iran with U.S. help
Suez canal conflict in Egypt
All lead to 1957 EISENHOWER DOCTRINE – protect Middle Eastern countries that are in danger of Communist aggression
Latin America
To protect U.S. investments, U.S. overthrows Soviet influential governments – Guatemala, Chile, Cuba (…we’ll see them in a few years!)

26. ARMS RACE
Stalin continues the building up of Soviet industry and the military until his death in 1953
Nikita Khrushchev takes over in 1955 & proposes a de-Stalinization of the USSR
Khrushchev called for a peaceful coexistence with the West in regards to trade and to try and avoid war
U.S. and USSR both develop ICBM - InterContinental Ballistic Missiles
SPUTNIK launched in Space Race (…we’ll see this in a few years!) – math and science teaching increased in order to compete
ALL OF THIS LEADS TO BRINKMANSHIP POLICY FOR THE U.S BUILD UP OF CONVENTIONAL & NUCLEAR WEAPONS
Race for weapon superiority – FIRST for nuclear THEN hydrogen (1952)
BRINKMANSHIP CONTINUES THROUGH THE 1980S!
Russians test Hydrogen bomb in 1953
By the mid-1950s, U.S. has hydrogen power and is using nuclear energy
Gary Powers shot down in U2 spy plane over Russia
Khrushchev and Eisenhower peace talks fail
Americans see Russian technology as better