1. The Genetic Code
Spring 2017

2. Question
What does mRNA and tRNA stand for? Answer: Messenger ribonucleic acid and Transfer ribonucleic acid

3. The Genetic Code
Gene-
A section of a DNA molecule that contains the information to code for one specific protein.
The order of the nitrogen bases along a gene forms a genetic code
Specifies what type of protein will be produced

4. RNA Ribonucleic acid- Genetic “messenger”
Carries genetic code from the DNA inside the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

5. 2 types of RNA mRNA (messenger RNA) tRNA (transfer RNA)
Copies a coded message from DNA
Carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
tRNA (transfer RNA)
Carries amino acids to the ribosome
Adds them to a growing protein

6. DNA vs RNA DNA RNA # of Strands- 2 Sugar- deoxyribose Nitrogen bases
Adenine Thymine
Guanine Cytosine
# of Strands- 1
Sugar- ribose
Nitrogen bases
Adenine Uracil
Guanine Cytosine

7. The genetic code
Mutation- any change in a gene or chromosome. Let’s say… original DNA sequence reads: THE RED HAT

8. The Red Hat Substitution- one nitrogen base substitutes for another
THE RED CAT
Deletion- a nitrogen base gets deleted in a DNA sequence
THE REC AT
Addition- a nitrogen base gets added in a DNA sequence
THE READ HAT