1. Bio 9B: Tuesday, 2.1.11 Title: DNA Structure & Function
Double Block
Homework:
Actively read pages (part of 12.1 and 12.2).
Take notes in your notebook using the active reading strategies we have discussed, including:
Write a purpose question after skimming over the reading
Take notes on main ideas and key details
Make note of connections and questions as you read
When done reading, summarize by explaining the relationship between DNA, nucleotides, genes, and chromosomes.
Do Now:
Complete mid-year survey
Today’s Objectives:
Review the midterm and reflect on the first semester

2. Preview of Genetics: DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes
Count off by 6’s
Tables in the back (2 for each word)
DNA
Genes
Chromosomes
At your table:
Put your assigned word on a poster and divide the page in two
One side: Write down everything you know about the word
Other side: Write down questions you have
After 5 minutes your group will rotate to the other tables to add to the other posters

3. Bio 9B: Thursday, 2.2.11 Title: Snow Day

4. Bio 9B: Thursday, 2.2.11 Title: DNA Structure & Function
Homework:
- If you weren’t here on Tuesday, you need to complete Tuesday’s homework.
- EVERYONE needs to complete the following by Monday:
Read pages and take active reading notes.
Summarize how DNA replicates!
Do Now:
Complete the Genetics prior knowledge survey (bottom of the last page of the Midterm Exam Reflection). DO NOT do anything with the rest of the survey.
If you were here Tuesday, look over your responses to the other
Today’s Objectives:
Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
Describe the structure of DNA.
Identify the monomers of the DNA polymer

5. New For Semester Two
Everyone gets a maximum of 5 trips to the bathroom or nurse for the duration of Quarter 3.
You can use them whenever you want – including after lunch
You only get 5 for the quarter…
Issues with this policy? Please speak to me after class and we can have a conversation…

6. Preview of Genetics: DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes
Count off by 6’s
Tables in the back (2 for each word)
DNA (tables 1 and 6)
Genes (tables 2 and 4)
Chromosomes (tables 3 and 5)
At your table:
Put your assigned word on a poster and divide the page in two
One side: Write down everything you know about the word
Other side: Write down questions you have
After 5 minutes your group will rotate to the other tables to add to the other posters

7. Introduction to Genetics DNA: Structure & Function
PHA Biology 9
Moretti/ Dickson

8. Intro to Genetics: DNA Structure & Function
Genetics: the study of heredity
What determines an organism’s traits (characteristics)?
How are traits passed on from one cell to another, and from parents to offspring?
DNA: the molecule that carries genetic information
DNA has two important functions:
Replicate – make exact copies of itself so it can be passed on
Carry instructions for making proteins that determine your traits
DNA is found in all cells (in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells)
Objectives for Class:
Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
Describe the structure of DNA.

9. DNA Structure and Function
What is it?
DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Where do we find it?
Found in the Nucleus
What does it do?
Carries your genes
Carries information to
make the proteins
that make your traits
Objectives for Class:
Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
Describe the structure of DNA.

10. DNA Structure and Function (refer to handout)
Nucleotide Base Pairs
DNA
Chromosomes
Gene: Instructions for making a protein that determines a trait
Another Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait
Chromosomes unraveling into DNA

11. DNA Structure
Objectives for Class:
Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
Describe the structure of DNA.

12. DNA Structure “Building Blocks” = Nucleotide Nucleotides put together:
Deoxyribose Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogenous Base
Nucleotides put together:
Ladder: Uncoiled
Double Helix: 2 long coiled strands
Sides: alternating phosphates
& sugars
Middle/ “Rungs” of ladder:
2 Nitrogenous Bases
connected by Hydrogen bonds
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Identify the monomers of the DNA polymer

13. DNA Structure: Nucleotides
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Identify the monomers of the DNA polymer

14. DNA Structure: Base Pairing
4 Nitrogen Bases:
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Base Pairing:
A ---- T
G ---- C
} Purine
} Pyrimidine
Objectives for Class:
Identify

15. DNA Structure: Images
Objectives for Class:
Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
Describe the structure of DNA.

16. DNA Structure: Nucleotides
Complete the DNA Review (other side of the DNA/ Chromosome Handout)
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Identify the monomers of the DNA polymer

17. Homework Catch-up/ Completion
Tuesday Homework
Actively read pages (part of 12.1 and 12.2).
Take notes in your notebook using the active reading strategies we have discussed, including:
Write a purpose question after skimming over the reading
Take notes on main ideas and key details
Make note of connections and questions as you read
When done reading, summarize by explaining the relationship between DNA, nucleotides, genes, and chromosomes.
Tonight’s Homework
Actively read pages and take active reading notes.
Summarize how DNA replicates!

18. Bio 9B: Monday, 2.7.11 Title: DNA Structure & Function
Homework:
Prepare for DNA Modeling Lab
Finish DNA Review packet
Do Now:
Next Slide…
Today’s Objectives:
Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

19. DO NOW: Write down this DNA Sequence:
G A T A C A T G C G C T A T G T A C G C What is the sequence for the complementary (aka matching) DNA strand?

20. DNA Structure and Function (refer to handout)
Nucleotide Base Pairs
DNA
Chromosomes
Gene: Instructions for making a protein that determines a trait
Another Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait
Chromosomes unraveling into DNA

21. DNA Replication: Overview
DNA can make an exact copy of itself!
Occurs every time a cell needs to reproduce
(during S-phase of the cell cycle…)
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

22. DNA Replication: Overview
DNA can make an exact copy of itself!
Occurs every time a cell needs to reproduce
(during S-phase of the cell cycle…)
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

23. DNA Replication: Overview
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

24. Steps of DNA Replication
1. DNA Unzips:
Enzyme breaks Hydrogen Bonds between base pairs
Creates 2 Complementary Strands (templates)
2. DNA Polymerase moves along original strands (templates)
Nucleotides come from the cytoplasm
DNA Polymerase attaches complimentary bases to both sides of the unzipped strands (Semi- Conservative).
3. Completed: 2 NEW identical strands of DNA are produced
DNA Polymerase “proofreads” the new strands
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

25. DNA Replication Note: The RED Strand is the Original Strand
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

26. DNA S&F Review Complete the DNA Notes Activity
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

27. How do we know about DNA Structure?
Chargaff: A=T and C=G
Rosalind Franklin:
Actual X-ray of DNA
Showed double-helix structure
Died young due to X-rays!
Didn’t get credit for her contributions… pretty messed up!
Watson & Crick: Built a model using this evidence
(They got all of the credit – initially)
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.

28. Bio 9B: Tuesday, 2.8.11 Title: DNA Modeling Lab
Homework:
Complete Discussion Questions for Part II of Modeling Lab.
Do Now:
Next Slide
Today’s Objectives:
Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

29. Do Now
G A A C G T
1. Write the complementary base sequence to this single strand of DNA 2. Which of the pictures below best illustrates DNA replication? Why? A. B. C.

30. DNA Model Building Lab: Part I
Part I: Constructing DNA
Build 36 nucleotides:
Count out the following and put the rest in a pile for later:
5 A 5 T 4 C 4 G
Build a double-stranded DNA molecule with these 18 nucleotides
Record your DNA Sequence in the table
Then answer the questions and go on to Part 2
Nit.
base
phosphate
sugar
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.

31. DNA Model Building Lab: Part II
Part II: Replicating DNA
“Unzip” your DNA sequence by “breaking” the hydrogen bond between the two nitrogenous bases. Observe your two separate strands. Using the other pieces in your kit, create two new strands of DNA – nucleotide by nucleotide.
Note that when the DNA molecule splits in half, new complimentary bases attach to the separated strands creating two new strands of DNA. Be sure your base pairs match!
Be sure to construct your new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the original templates!
When finished:
Take all pieces apart and put them back in the bags
Answer the Discussion Questions for Part 2
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

32. Title: DNA Structure & Function With Audio
The following slides are the DNA Replication Slides with audio explanations from Mr. Moretti

33. DNA Replication: Overview
DNA can make an exact copy of itself!
Occurs every time a cell needs to reproduce
(during S-phase of the cell cycle…)
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

34. DNA Replication: Overview
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

35. Steps of DNA Replication
1. DNA Unzips:
Enzyme breaks Hydrogen Bonds between base pairs
Creates 2 Complementary Strands (templates)
2. DNA Polymerase moves along original strands (templates)
Nucleotides come from the cytoplasm
DNA Polymerase attaches complimentary bases to both sides of the unzipped strands (Semi- Conservative).
3. Completed: 2 NEW identical strands of DNA are produced
DNA Polymerase “proofreads” the new strands
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.