1. Human Molecular Genetics
Chapter 14.3
Human Molecular Genetics

2. Biologists want to be able to find the sequences of DNA bases that they want. There are too many DNA bases to read all of them.
Human DNA Analysis

3. If 2 parents are possibly carrying recessive alleles how could they find out?
Remember recessive disorders like cystic fibrosis or Tay-Sachs have a different DNA sequence.
There can be genetic tests that look at DNA sequences. They can used labeled DNA probes. They can also use restriction enzymes.
Since specific parts of DNA can be found it now gives scientists possible ways for them to treat individuals with genetic disorders.
Testing for Alleles

4. DNA fingerprinting analyzes sections of DNA that have little or no known function. They are made of many repeating sections.
To do a DNA fingerprinting the DNA is cut with a restriction enzyme. The fragments are run through gel electrophoresis. The bands produced in gel electrophoresis are unique to each individual.
DNA fingerprinting is used to help convict criminals or overturn convictions as well as seeing if people are related.
DNA Fingerprinting

5. The Human Genome Project
The human genome project looked at sequencing the whole human DNA sequence. (figuring out all the A, T, C, and G).
They also sequenced genomes of other organisms like yeast, the fruit fly, and E. coli.
In June 2000 the sequencing the human genome was complete.
The Human Genome Project

6. The used specific regions of DNA to act like markers to locate specific sections of DNA.
Shotgun sequencing is a method that cuts DNA into random fragments and then determines the different sequences of the fragments. Then putting the fragments together.
Rapid Sequencing

7. Searching for Genes Remember only a small part is made of genes.
Fruit flies have about 14,000 genes.
Scientists try to look for gene areas by looking for promoter regions.
Scientists want to find the gene regions to figure out certain properties of life.
Searching for Genes

8. A Breakthrough for Everyone
The information gained from the Human genome project is readily available to everyone.
A Breakthrough for Everyone

9. Gene therapy is a way to cure genetic disorders
Gene therapy is a way to cure genetic disorders. This is the idea of changing a gene that causes a genetic disorder.
Gene therapy replaces a mutated gene with a normal, working gene.
Gene Therapy

10. Ethical Issues in Human Genetics
Should different genes be manipulated? Should humans be cloned? Those are important questions.
Scientific knowledge should be used wisely. It is not just up to the scientific community to determine what that is, but society as a whole.
Ethical Issues in Human Genetics