1. Cellular Respiration

2. Energy
Is the ability to do work

3. How do nonliving things get energy?
Some energy comes from running water, wind, or the sun
Most of our energy comes from burning fuels (oil, gas, coal)
This releases energy in the form of heat and light

4. Living organisms also require energy just like machines
Flying bird
Beaver building a dam
Worm burrowing through soil
Making complex compounds from simpler ones (synthesis)
Transferring some molecules across the cell membrane (active transport)

5. How do organisms obtain this energy?
Organisms rely on chemical energy stored in their food (mostly carbohydrates)
Cellular Respiration is the process by which the energy stored in food inside the cells is released
Respiration ≠ breathing

6. ATP Adenosine triphosphate
When the 3rd phosphate is removed and bonded to another compound, energy is released
When the 3rd phosphate is removed, the remaining molecule is called adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

8. Glucose A simple sugar (building blocks of carbohydrates)
A single molecule can produce 36 molecules of ATP from ADP

9. Where does respiration occur?
In cells
In mitochondria (“powerhouse”, mighty)

10. Types of Respiration
Aerobic: with oxygen
Anaerobic: without oxygen

14. Do Now:
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

15. Aerobic Respiration Step One
Glycolysis: process of breaking down the glucose molecule into 2 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules

16. Occurs in cytoplasm of cells

17. Aerobic Respiration Step Two
Pyruvic acid breaks down into carbon dioxide, NADH, and a 2-carbon compound known as an acetyl group
Acetyl group combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA

19. Aerobic Respiration Step Three Krebs Cycle
Series of chemical reactions
Each turn requires 1 acetyl CoA
Each turn produces 2 molecules of carbon dioxide and 4 pairs of hydrogen atoms
Each turn produces 1 ATP

21. Aerobic Respiration Step Four Electron Transport Chain
Electrons from hydrogen atoms are passed along from compound to compound
At various places on the chain, electrons give up some energy and molecules of ATP are formed

26. Net Reaction of Aerobic Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

27. Anaerobic Respiration
Step One
glycolysis
Step Two
fermentation

28. 2 types of fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid builds up in muscles and causes soreness

29. Muscle Fatigue
During periods of prolonged physical activity, muscle cells may use oxygen faster than the circulatory system can supply it
Krebs cycle and electron transport chain stop and lactic acid builds up

30. Alcohol Fermentation

32. Proteins and fats can also feed into the process at various places

33. Carbon Dioxide