1. AIM: How do parents pass on their traits to offspring?
February 9, 2015
AIM: How do parents pass on their traits to offspring?
Turn in your homework!
HW: “Introduction to DNA” Regents Practice
Do Now: Look at the people sitting around you. List three traits (characteristics) that make you different from them. What causes these differences?

2. Female and Male Gametes What is found in each of these gametes?
DNA!
What is DNA?

3. What makes us all different?
We are all made up of different proteins.
Examples of proteins:
melanin
- determines hair, eye, and skin color
hormones
enzymes
antibodies
hemoglobin
keratin (makes up skin, nails, hair)
What IS a protein?

4. What are proteins? AMINO ACIDS
Proteins are types of organic compounds.
They are polymers (long chains) made up of monomers (subunits) (building blocks) called…
AMINO ACIDS
There are 20 types of amino acids in humans.
The sequence (order) of the different amino acids in a protein determines what type of protein it is, and what shape it will have.

5. What happens when the amino acid sequence is WRONG?
Two Example Proteins…
1) Insulin
- made up of 51 amino acids
2) Hemoglobin
- made up of four amino acid chains, each with approximately amino acids
The first 31 amino acids:
What happens when the amino acid sequence is WRONG?

6. How do our bodies make proteins?
We need a set of instructions for making proteins!
…just like you need a blueprint before building a house!

7. DNA: The Blueprint for Life
DNA is a set of instructions for making proteins
DNA is an organic compound.
It is a polymer made up of repeating subunits
called nucleotides.
The Nucleotides:
There are FOUR different types of nucleotides.
Each type of nucleotide has a different base.
The bases on the two strands of DNA form BASE PAIRS.
Adenine (A) ALWAYS pairs with Thymine (T).
Guanine (G) ALWAYS pairs with Cytosine (C).

8. Where is DNA found in the cell?
The NUCLEUS!
DNA is tightly wound into structures called chromosomes.
Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes in their body cells:
23 from the mother 23 from the father

9. Female and Male Gametes
23 chromosomes +
23 chromosomes
= 46 chromosomes

10. Strange Encounters with the SNORK!
A new species has been discovered in a distant solar system…
But all we know about this species is its DNA base sequence.
Snork DNA only has 54 nucleotides. This DNA is packaged into only 1 chromosome.
How can we use this information to figure out what the snork looks like?

11. THE MYSTERY
What do these guys look like? ?
Snork Portrait

12. Snork DNA