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Chapter 3: Energy Transformation
3.1 Obtaining Energy – Cellular Respiration
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Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases the energy from organic molecules and converts it to the usable form, ATP.
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Mitochondria
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The INPUTS of aerobic cellular respiration are the OUTPUTS of photosynthesis.
AND The OUTPUTS of aerobic cellular respiration are the INPUTS of photosynthesis.
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Cellular Respiration – in all cells
Cellular respiration releases energy and produces carbon dioxide and water.
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Moving CO2 OUT Cellular respiration in a mitochondria Lung Cell Blood
Gas exchange – simple diffusion CO2 CO2 Blood CO2 CO2 Cellular respiration in a mitochondria CO2 Body Cell
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Type of Cellular Respiration
WITH or WITHOUT Oxygen Environment Organisms Type of Cellular Respiration Oxygen-rich Most eukaryotes Aerobic respiration Oxygen-free (anoxic) Some microbes and yeasts Anaerobic respiration or Fermentation
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Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Aer- = air Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen. Yields 36 molecules of ATP per 1 molecule of glucose
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Overall Reaction for Aerobic Respiration
ATP 5 6 1 3 2 4 O C ATP Glucose + 6 Oxygen 6 Carbon dioxide + 6 Water
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The reactants The products Glucose 6 5 1 4 Water 2 3 O C Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
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The outcome – recharging cell batteries By generating energy to add phosphate to ADP
ADP/ATP Cycle Energy released ADP ATP Energy input
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STEP 1: Glycolysis Location: ATP Yield: Outputs:
2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
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BREAKING GLUCOSE Glucose breakdown RELEASES chemical energy which allows ADP to join with an inorganic phosphate to form ATP.
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X
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STEP 2: Krebs Cycle (2 rounds)
Location: ATP Yield: Outputs: 2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2
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STEP 3: Electron Transport Chain
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Location: ATP Yield: Outputs: 32-34 ATP
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Energy Tally Aerobic Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis 2 ATP
Krebs ATP Electron Transport ATP 36-38 ATP
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