1. Photosynthesis & Respiration
Energy for Plants & Animals

2. Animals vs. Plants
Animals cannot make their own food and survive on their own
Animals either have to eat plants or other animals to survive
1. Plants CAN make their own food. This is why PLANTS are the beginning of the FOOD CHAIN

3. Sun’s Energy
2. All energy comes from the sun either directly or indirectly
Energy comes from the sun directly to plants as they use the sunlight in photosynthesis
Energy comes from the sun indirectly to animals through eating plants (that got their energy from the sun) or other animals

4. Photosynthesis Plants food making process
3. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce their food in the presence of sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction where ENERGY from light (sun) is changed to CHEMICAL ENERGY which plants can use
The converted chemical energy is turned into sugar which is called glucose

5. Light, Water, Carbon Dioxide
4. All plants need three things to grow
Light (sun)
Water (rain)
Carbon Dioxide (Atmosphere)

6. Chloroplasts & Chlorophyll5.
Photosynthesis takes place in a tiny piece of the plant called the Chloroplast
Chloroplasts have Chlorophyll in them
This is what gives the leaves of the plants their green color
Chloroplasts are located in the leaves of the plants

7. Sunlight 6. Steps to Photosynthesis:
1. The sunlight shines onto the leaves of the plant which is where the Chloroplasts are
2. The Chlorophyll in the leaves trap the sunlight to make sugar

8. Carbon Dioxide & Water
3. Next the plant takes in Carbon Dioxide through the Stomata in the leaves
4. Next the Water is taken from the ground through the plant’s root system

9. Water + Carbon Dioxide + Sunlight
5. The water from the roots combine with the Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere and the sunlight from the sun to make GLUCOSE (sugar energy)
6. The plant then stores the glucose in the stem & flower of the plants

10. Plant Waste = Oxygen
7. When these three combine they don’t use everything and some of it is turned to waste and given off back into the atmosphere. This waste is called Oxygen

11. What happens during Photosynthesis?
Plant cells convert the light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of ATP.
The chloroplasts use the chemical energy stored in the ATP to form Glucose.
This glucose is then distributed throughout the plant as food

12. 7. Who carries out Photosynthesis?
Plants, algae, and many single-celled organisms (bacteria) carry out photosynthesis

13. Energy?? Where does the energy that sustains all life come from
THE SUN!!!!
8. Photosynthesis is the connection between energy that is released from the sun (solar energy) and the energy available for living organisms (chemical energy).

14. 9. Materials Used
Carbon dioxide gas, sunlight and water are used during photosynthesis
All of these come from the environment

15. How do plants get carbon dioxide?
10. Plants get carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is absorbed through stomata.
11. Stomata are tiny holes or pores found in the leaves of plants.

16. What is the function of the stomata?
12.
Stomata help the leaves by absorbing carbon dioxide from the air.
Stomata also allow oxygen produced during photosynthesis to escape into the atmosphere.

17. What is the equation for the chemical reaction of photosynthesis?13

18. Materials Produced:
14.
During photosynthesis water and carbon dioxide from the environment are combined to make an organic compound, called glucose. Glucose is a simple carbohydrate or a simple sugar.
Oxygen gas is also formed during photosynthesis. The oxygen that is produced is released into the environment.

19. When does Photosynthesis occur?
Photosynthesis occurs in plant cells when light is available. Generally this is during the day time.

20. 15. Where does photosynthesis occur?
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells when they are exposed to light

21. 16. What are chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are green colored organelles that contain chlorophyll.

22. Respiration
Respiration is another chemical reaction that works with photosynthesis
It is the opposite of photosynthesis
17. It releases energy to organisms and its waste is Carbon Dioxide
Once the energy that was in sunlight is changed into chemical energy by photosynthesis, an organism has to transform the chemical energy into a a form that can be used by the organism

23. Animals Eat & Breathe 18. Steps to Respiration:
1. Animals eat a plant or another animal and get glucose from that plant or animal they ate
2. Animals breathe in the oxygen that the plant gave out as waste

24. Mitochondria goes to Work
The glucose (sugar) (carbs) and the oxygen travel to the Mitochondria which is part of each animal cell
4. Mitochondria breaks down the oxygen & glucose (carbs) and releases water vapor & carbon Dioxide into the air
5. At the same time it releases energy into the cell

25. Describe Cellular Respiration
The breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy
Takes place in all living things
Is a step by step process

26. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
19.

27. Relationship between Photosynthesis and Respiration
The energy stored in glucose during photosynthesis is transferred to the chemical bonds of ATP
All cells “run” on the energy released from ATP

28. Transpiration
20. Transpiration is when plant leaves open their cells to take in carbon dioxide and lose water to evaporation
Stomata & guard cells open
Water Evaporates
Carbon Dioxide enters the plant
21. Transpiration is important because it moves the water throughout the plant

29. Opening the Stomata 22. Steps to Transpiration:
Plant opens the Stomata of the leaf to let water vapor out & Carbon Dioxide in
2. The plant immediately wants to replace the water it lost through the stomata
3. Transpiration makes the roots suck more water from the ground

30. Moving through the Plant
Transpiration bonds the water molecules together & the Xylem sucks the water up through the stem & all the way to the flower (working against gravity)

31. How do they Relate
Photosynthesis & Respiration use each other to continue their process
In order to complete Photosynthesis the plant must have Carbon Dioxide which they can only get from animal respiration
In order to complete Respiration the animal must have Oxygen which it gets from the plant when the plant goes through photosynthesis
In order for Transpiration to occur the plant must take in carbon dioxide from respiration

32. Important Points Plants are the beginning of the FOOD CHAIN
Photosynthesis & Respiration work together & relate to each other
Photosynthesis combines Carbon+Water+Sunlight to give the plant energy
Respiration breaks down glucose + Oxygen and releases energy in the process
Photosynthesis takes place in the Chloroplasts which is inside the plant cells
Respiration takes place in the Mitochondria which is inside the animal cells