1. BELL WORK Energy Thermodynamics Metabolism Photosynthesis
DEFINE the following Terms
Energy
Thermodynamics
Metabolism
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP)

2. How Organisms Obtain Energy
Chapter 8
Section 1

3. All living organisms use energy to carry out all biological processes
Main Idea
All living organisms use energy to carry out all biological processes

4. Transformation of Energy
Chemical reactions & processes in your cells are ongoing; constantly using energy
Macromolecules are assembled and broken down
substances are transported across cell membranes
genetic instructions are transmitted

5. All of these cellular activities require ENERGY—the ability to do work.
Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe

6. Laws of Thermodynamics
Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed
Energy cannot be converted without the loss of useable energy
Lost energy is usually converted to thermal energy
Entropy is the measure of disorder, or unusable energy, in a system

7. Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food
Can you give an example of an Autotroph?

8. Autotrophs convert light energy for the sun into chemical energy
These are organisms that perform Photosynthesis
Directly or indirectly nearly all the energy for life comes from the sun

9. Heterotrophs Organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy
Can you give an example of a Heterotroph?

10. Metabolism
All the chemical reactions that take place in a cell is referred to as the cell’s metabolism

11. A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction is called a metabolic pathway
Catabolic release energy by breaking down large molecules into smaller ones
Anabolic uses energy that is released by the catabolic pathway to build larger molecules from smaller ones

12. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

13. Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration is the catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

14. ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy
In living organisms, chemical energy is stored in biological molecules and can be converted into other forms of energy when needed
Adenosine Tri-phosphate (ATP) is the most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy

15. ATP Structure
ATP is the most abundant energy-carrier molecule in cells
ATP is a nucleotide made of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

16. ATP Function
ATP releases energy when the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group is broken
This breakage forms adenosine Di-phosphate (ADP)

17. ATP
ADP

18. HOMEWORK QUESTIONS: Due 9-27-10
Identify the major source of energy for living organism.
Describe an example of the first law of thermodynamics.
Compare and contrast anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Explain how ATP stores and releases energy

19. Explain/Describe how ATP works within a cell.
Ticket Out the Door
Explain/Describe how ATP works within a cell.