1. Photosynthesis
What You Need to Know

2. What Is It? Photosynthesis:
A series of reactions that use light energy from the sun to synthesize (to make) large, energy rich molecules from smaller ones.
Energy + 6(CO2) + 6(H20)  C6H12O6 + 6(O2)

3. Who Does Photosynthesis?
Plants
Algae
Some Bacteria

4. Where Does This Happen?
All phases of photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast
A plant cell can have multiple chloroplast
Not all plant cells have chloroplast (i.e. roots cells)

5. How Does It Really Work? Photosynthesis occurs in two phases
1. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and converts it to chemical energy (ATP)
ATP is short term energy storage
2. ATP is used to reorganize CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are long term energy storage

6. What Happens After Photosynthesis?
Plant cells use the carbohydrates from photosynthesis for energy to
Continue cell functions
Grow new cells
Reproduce
All other functions requiring energy

7. Amino Acid (building block of proteins)H C H O N H O
Water
Glucose
Amino Acid (building block of proteins) H C O
Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids = Lipid (fat)

8. Cellular Respiration
What You Need to Know

9. What Is It? Cellular Respiration:
The process by which enzymes convert the energy in macromolecules (like carbohydrates) into usable ATP.
Example:
C6H12O6 + 6(O2) Energy + 6(CO2) + 6(H20)

10. All Living Organisms Use Cellular Respiration?

11. Where Does This Happen?
Most of cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondrion
Some cells have multiple mitochondrion

12. How Does It Really Work? Cellular Respiration occurs in three phases
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron Transport System/ chain (ETC)

13. Glycolysis Glycolysis: Splits glucose into two smaller molecules
Releases a little ATP
Remaining molecules still have lots of “stored” energy

14. Krebs Cycle
Enzymes break down the two molecules from glycolosis into CO2.
This produces several more ATP
Attaches hydrogen atoms to “carrier” molecules called NADH

15. Electron Transport
Each hydrogen atom is separated into one electron and proton
Electrons travel along transport chain
Each electron transport releases 3 ATP
That’s a lot of ATP

16. Is This the Only Way? NO
There are other pathways to release energy in human cells for short periods of time
There are also other pathways for certain organisms that are completely different