1. Cellular respiration
Summation by questions

2. What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + 6CO2

3. What is the difference between oxidation and reduction?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction if the gain in electrons.

4. What is oxidized/reduced in cellular respiration?
Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

5. Distinguish catabolic/anabolic
Catabolic refers to the part of the metabolic pathway that releases energy- cellular respiration.
Anabolic refers to the part of the metabolic pathway that consumes energy.

6. What are the products of glycolysis?
ATP, NADH, water, and pyruvate

7. What is pyruvate oxidized into and by what?
Acetyl CoA by coenzyme A

8. What are the products of the citric acid cycle?
ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2

9. What is the electron transport chain?
A series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2.

10. What does the electron transport chain do?
Transfers electrons to oxygen and transfers H+ to the intermembrane space.

11. What is chemiosmosis?
Energy stored in a H+ concentration gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane is used to synthesize ATP.

12. How much ATP is made in cellular respiration?
Depends on the source – the newest thinking is 32 ATP produced per glucose.
This releases 686 kcal of energy.

13. Is glucose the only molecule used in catabolic pathways?
Our diets consist of fats and proteins as well as carbohydrates.
All are used to generate ATP in cellular respiration.
Which food source produces the most ATP?

14. What can organisms do with products of metabolism?
ATP allows the cell to do work.
Example - anabolic processes such as biosynthesis.

15. How is cellular respiration regulated?
The cell controls metabolism thru feedback inhibition.
Negative feedback – the end product of an anabolic pathway is controlled by the end product, which inhibit the earlier stages of the pathway.

16. What is phosphofructokinase?
An allosteric enzyme that regulates cellular respiration.
ATP and citrate (from the citric acid cycle) are inhibitors.
This is a specific example of negative feedback

17. Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

18. Cellular respiration ATP glucose and (a) organic fuels (b) (d) (c)
generates
has three stages
oxidizes
uses
ATP
glucose and
organic fuels
(a)
produce
some
C6H12O6
(b)
(d)
produces
many
energy for
to pull
electrons down to
(c)
cellular work
(f)
by process called
uses
H+ diffuse
through
ATP synthase
chemiosmosis
(e)
uses
pumps H+ to create
H+ gradient

19. You should now be able to
Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are necessary to provide energy that is required to sustain your life
Explain why breathing is necessary to support cellular respiration
Describe how cellular respiration produces energy that can be stored in ATP
Explain why ATP is required for human activities
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

20. You should now be able to
Describe the process of energy production from movement of electrons
List and describe the three main stages of cellular respiration
Describe the reactants and products of glycolysis
Explain how pyruvate is altered to enter the citric acid cycle and the role of coenzyme A in the process
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

21. You should now be able to
Describe the citric acid cycle as a metabolic pathway designed for generating additional energy from glucose
Discuss the importance of oxidative phosphorylation in producing ATP
Review the steps in oxidation of a glucose molecule aerobically
Distinguish between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

22. You should now be able to
Compare respiration and fermentation
Provide evidence that glycolysis evolved early in the history of life on Earth
Describe the different molecules that can be used in cellular respiration
Discuss what cells do with the ATP made from cellular respiration
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.