1. Cellular Respiration

2. Learning Objectives
Explain the relationship between calorie and Calorie
Write the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration

4. Where does the energy that living things need come from?
Food!

5. Why do you need to eat food?
Energy for daily activities.
Cells in your body convert chemical energy (glucose) into ATP

6. Chemical Energy & Food Food serves as a source of energy.
Our cells use molecules from fats, proteins and carbohydrates as food energy.

7. How is energy from food measured?
Energy in food is converted to heat
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius = 1 calorie
1000 calories = 1 Calorie

8. What is the relationship between the green box and blue box?
Reactant Product Reactant Product

9. Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.

10. Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria

11. Mitochondrial Structure
Outer membrane – encloses the mitochondria
Inner membrane – folds many times to make cristae
Cristae – site of ATP production
Matrix – fluid contained in the mitochondria

12. The Balanced Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration
Glucose oxygen water carbon energy
dioxide
C6H12O O H CO2 + ATP
(Reactants)
(Products)

13. Stop Here

14. Learning Objectives Describe the 3 steps of cellular respiration
Describe the role of ATP in cellular activities

15. 3 Steps of Cellular Respiration
Step 1 - Glycolysis - break down glucose, make some ATP
Step 2 - Krebs Cycle - series of reactions that produce energy-storing molecules, some ATP.
Step 3 - Electron Transport Chain - produce large amounts of ATP.

16. 3 Parts of Cellular Respiration
Electron
Transport
Chain
Krebs
Cycle
Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

17. Glycolysis (occurs in cytosol)
Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing 2 pyruvic acid + 2 NADH + net gain of 2 ATP.
NADH goes to the electron transport chain.

18. Pyruvate Respiration (in cytosol) Glycolysis (in cytosol)
Aerobic Fermentation
Respiration (in cytosol)
(in mitochondria)
some ATP
O2 available
(aerobic)
O2 not available
(anaerobic)
No ATP
mucho ATP

19. Fermentation (occurs in the cytoplasm under anaerobic conditions)
Two types
Alcoholic
Fermentation
Lactic Acid
Fermentation

20. Alcoholic Fermentation
Pyruvic Acid + NADH Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

21. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvic Acid + NADH Lactic Acid + NAD+

22. Pyruvate Respiration (in cytosol) Glycolysis (in cytosol)
Aerobic Fermentation
Respiration (in cytosol)
(in mitochondria)
O2 available
(aerobic)
O2 not available
(anaerobic)

23. Aerobic Respiration (occurs in the mitochondria under aerobic conditions)
The energy-releasing pathways within cells require oxygen, which is why we breath.

24. Mitochondria Structure
Pyruvate (three carbon molecule from glycolysis) is broken down to CO2 and H2O in the matrix.
ATP is made in the cristae.
ATP powers most cellular activities.

25. Krebs Cycle 2 ATP - used for cellular activities
6 CO2 expelled in breath
Pyruvate from glycolysis is used to make CO2, NADH, ATP and FADH2. Energy-carrying molecules transfer energy to next stage (Electron Transport Chain).

26. Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.

27. Let’s Review

28. How much ATP is made per glucose molecule?

29. The Big Picture
Glucose
Cell Membrane
Cytosol

30. How Cells Obtain Energy
YouTube Video
How Cells Obtain Energy

31. Stop Here