1. A Brief History of East Asia
China

2. Dynastic China 13 ruling dynasties from 2100 BC until 1912 AD
Technologically and economically advanced
Developed paper, gun powder, working clocks, porcelain and other technological advances
Traded with the Europeans along the Silk Road
Characteristics of dynasties
Some were highly organized, almost modern, bureaucracies based on civil service examinations
Others were ruled by warlords or outside conquering forces

3. Decline of Dynastic China
Peasants lost land, floods were common, and Western/foreign pressures
White Lotus Rebellion
Led by a Buddhist cult
Peasant uprising against taxes and government inefficiency
Overthrow of the last Qing emperor (age 5)China became a republic ( )
Ended over 2000 years of imperial rule

4. The Republic of China Government ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT)
Increased control
Time period was marked by heavy internal conflict and external pressure
The largest challenge to KMT was the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Versus

5. The Long March(es)
1934: KMT forced the CCP to retreat to northwest China
Year-long exile allowed Mao Zedong to consolidate his power
Began the Chinese Communist propaganda machine

6. WWII 1931: Japan invaded Manchuria September
Set up the former Qing Emperor as the head of a puppet government
Japanese military was extremely violent
Rape of Nanking
Ravaged China throughout the war
KMT leader Chiang Kai-shek partnered with the CCP to defeat the Japanese
1945: Japanese were forced out and surrendered
Required much support from the US and USSR

7. Post WWII: Chinese Civil War
The KMT and the CCP returned to their struggle for control of China
KMT forces were much larger, but they were fatigued from fighting the Japanese
The CCP “People’s Liberation Army” were invigorated with a moral fight

8. Communist Revolution
Beginning 1946: CCP conquered each region of China
April 23, 1949: The CCP captured the capital of Nanjing
Efforts to drive the CCP out failed
October 1, 1949: Chaing Kai-shek and the KMT government fled to Taiwan
Mao Zedong declared the formation of the People’s Republic of China (Communist)
US does not recognize this government as the government of China for another 30 years!

9. The Great Leap Forward Mao attempted to oust any Western influences
Efforts at Communism
Collectivized farms
Forced all foreign steel to be melted down to produce “Chinese steel”
Built civil engineering projects without the input of experts
Results
Wide-spread famine
18-42 million deaths
Country-wide economic collapse

10. Cultural Revolution
Mao outlawed religion and Western cultural influences
Religious artifacts were destroyed
Scholars, artists and religious authorities were imprisoned or executed
Focus on “anti-Chinese treasons”
Era of fear and propaganda

11. Life After Mao
Hua Guofeng and Deng Xiaoping succeed Mao as the leaders of the CCP
Deng immediately put an end to violence and oppression of the Cultural Revolution
China began to reinvigorate its economy by using a Western market model
Culturally and politically remained Communist

12. Done Shopping or just beginning?

13. Tiananmen Square Massacre
April 1989: People (mostly students) upset with the Communist Party began a pro-democracy protest in Tiananmen Square.
June 3, 1989: military is sent to remove the K protesters
People attempted to block the tanks
Under martial law, the military was ordered to clear the square by 6:00
Between 4,000-6,000 were killed
Highly publicized by the Western media
CCP was criticized and even condemned by governments in Western and Eastern Europe, non-communist Asia and the United States

15. Modern China Third largest country by area (minus Antarctica)
The most populated country
1.35 billion people!
~19% of the world’s population
Economy
Hybrid market economy
World’s fastest growing economy
10.5% GDP growth (avg yearly)!
2nd largest economy (total GDP is only behind the US)
GDP per capita, not so hot (behind ~90 other countries)
Major inequality

16. Modern Issues Becoming a superpower Nuclear diplomacy
Can rapid growth be maintained if we fix some of the problems?
Nuclear diplomacy
Supporting its population
Food shortages
1-child rule
Over-reliance on fossil fuels (coal)
Air pollution
Soil erosion & species endangerment from rapid industrialization
Human rights abuses