1. Unit 3B The Brain

2. The Brain and Central Nervous System
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3. Accidents Phineas Gage Story Personality changed after the accident.
What does this tell us?
Phineas’s frontal cortex (higher thinking) was severed from the part of the brain in charge of emotions.
Choose #25

4. Lesions Removal or destruction of some part of the brain.
Frontal Lobotomy

5. Electroencephalogram
EEG
Detects brain waves through their electrical output.
Used mainly in sleep research.

6. Computerized Axial Tomography
CAT Scan
CAT
3D X-Ray of the brain.
Good for tumor locating, but tells us nothing about function.

7. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRI
More detailed picture of brain using a magnetic field to knock electrons off axis.
Takes many still pictures and turns images into a movie like production.
Let’s play MRI game:
g/educational/medicine/ mri/game/index.html

8. Positron Emission Tomography
PET Scan
Measures how much of a chemical the brain is using (usually glucose consumption).

9. Functional MRI
Combination of PET and MRI

10. Cerebral Cortex (part or forebrain)
Brain Structures:
Hindbrain
Midbrain
Forebrain
Cerebral Cortex (part or forebrain)

11. Brain Structures: Hindbrain: Medulla Oblongata
Located just above the spinal cord.
Involved in control of
blood pressure
heart rate
breathing.

12. Brain Structures: Hindbrain: Cerebellum
Controls our balance and fine movement skills

13. Brain Structures: Midbrain
Coordinates simple movements with sensory information.
Most important structure in Midbrain is the Reticular Formation: controls arousal and ability to focus our attention.

14. Brain Structures: Forebrain
What makes us human.
Largest part of the brain.
Made up of the Thalamus, Limbic System and Cerebral Cortex.

15. Brain Structures: Forebrain Thalamus
Receives sensory signals from the spinal cord and sends them to other parts of the forebrain.

16. Brain Structures: Forebrain Hypothalamas
Maybe most important structure in the brain.
Controls and regulates
Body temperature
Sexual Arousal
Hunger
Thirst
Endocrine System
#24

17. Brain Structures: Forebrain The Limbic System
Emotions, our most basic reactions, are generated in the Limbic system along with the many appetites and urges that help us behave in such a way to survive.
For instance, the Amygdala, is the place where fear is registered and generated.

18. Brain Structures: Forebrain Hippocampus
Involved in the processing and storage of memories.

19. Brain Structures: Forebrain Amygldala
More involved in volatile emotions like anger.

20. Brain Structures: The Cerebral Cortex
Made up of densely packed neurons we call “gray matter”
Glial Cells: support brain cells.
Wrinkles are called fissures.
If you lay brain out it would be as big as a large Pizza pizza.

21. The Cerebral Cortex is made up of four Lobes.

22. Frontal Lobe
Abstract thought and emotional control.

23. Temporal Lobe
Process sound sensed by our ears.

24. Frontal & Temporal Lobe The Broca and Wernick
Wernick-Decodes speech
Broca-Commands speech

25. Parietal Lobe
Contain Sensory Cortex: receives incoming touch sensations from rest of the body.

26. Occipital Lobe Deals with vision.
Contains Visual Cortex: interprets messages from our eyes into images we can understand.

27. Parts of the Brain…lalalalalala
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28. Hemispheres Left Right
logic
sequential tasks.
spatial
creative tasks.
Left
Right

29. Which way is the dancer spinning?

30. The Corpus Callosum
Connects the 2 hemispheres.

31. Split Brain Patients
Patients with severe epilepsy will have a procedure done that removes their corpus callosum.

32. Brain Plasticity
The idea that the brain, when damaged, will attempt to find news ways to reroute messages.
Children’s brains are more plastic than adults.