1. Baker’s Cyst

2. Development of Baker’s Cysts
The underlying cause is typically trauma leading to swelling of the knee joint
When there is a back up of synovial fluid it leaks into the posterior portion of the joint capsule due to the increased pressure
Is a commonly seen as sequela to:
Meniscal cartilage tears RA
Arthritis of the knee joint
Other trauma to the knee

3. Symptoms of Baker’s Cysts
Commonly asymptomatic
Cyst can be painful upon palpation
There is a large palpable mass in the popliteal fossa
Feels like a water filled balloon
Baker’s Cysts tend to develop near nerve passage ways so numbness or tingling in the lower extremity may be present

4. Baker’s Cyst Issues While normally painless, the cyst can rupture
Rupturing of the cyst leads to painful swelling and possible bruising of the surrounding tissues
Symptoms can mimic blood clots, so the cause of the swelling needs to be differentiated
Cysts also require the Physical Therapist to ensure the mass is not a tumor

5. Differential Diagnosis Tests
Shine a light through the cyst to see type of fluid inside
Synovial fluid is clear
Leg will be red and swollen if ruptured

6. Differential Diagnosis Tests
If the area is red, swollen, and bruised refer to a primary care physician for blood tests to rule out a blood clot
If the mass grows quickly or there are any red flags for cancer, a referral to a primary care physician is necessary.

7. Recommendation There is not much to be done with Baker’s Cysts
Referral out is an option
Cysts can be aspirated
Surgery is rare as cysts can return
Surgery can also damage surrounding blood vessels
Rehabilitation should resume within pain limitations for the original cause for referral to therapy
Rest and elevation should cause the condition to clear up, referral is only necessary if the Baker’s Cyst does not resolve within several days for surgical treatment

8. Prognosis Long-term disability is rare
Symptoms typically come and go, Baker’s Cysts are more irritating than anything else