1. Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
Chapter 16 Review
Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals

2. All of the following are major carbon storage reservoirs EXCEPT
Fossil fuels
Sedimentary rocks
The air
The earth’s core
The oceans

3. Of the earth’s three major layers, which one contains the greatest portion of molten rock?
Lithosphere
Core
Mantle
Crust
Hydrosphere

4. In the earth’s interior, hot, molten rock rises, and cooler rock sinks in a process known as
Subduction
Erosion
Convergence
Convection
The law of superposition

5. Magma fills the gap between tectonic plates, forming new crust at
Subsidence zones
Subduction zones
Sedimentation zones
Convergent faults
Divergent faults

6. Most divergent plate boundaries are difficult for scientists to study because most are located:
At high elevations
On the ocean floor
In Antarctica
Deep in the earth’s mantle
In highly active earthquake zones

7. Which three processes are needed in order to convert metamorphic rock into sedimentary rock?
Heating, pressure, and stress
Erosion, heating, and transportation
Pressure, erosion, and heat
Cooling, pressure, and weathering
Weathering, erosion, and deposition

8. Most of the carbon in the earth’s crust is stored in:
The atmosphere
Ocean sediments and sedimentary rocks
Fossil fuels
Plants
The soil

9. Chapter 14
Soil Resources

10. An even disappearance of topsoil is a sign of which type of erosion?
Wind erosion
Gully erosion
Sheet erosion
Rill erosion
Subsidence erosion

11. Conventional-tillage farming Strip cropping
Which of the following soil conservation methods involves planting different crops in alternating rows to trap soil and catch runoff?
Conventional-tillage farming
Strip cropping
Conservation-tillage farming
Contour farming
Terracing

12. Terrace farming Strip cropping Windbreaks Contour farming
Which of the following soil conservation methods would be appropriate for dry arid regions?
Terrace farming
Strip cropping
Windbreaks
Contour farming
Crop rotation

13. GMO fruits and vegetables taste different from normal ones.
What is an objection to the growth and use of GMO fruits and vegetables?
GMO fruits and vegetables taste different from normal ones.
GMO fruits and vegetables will only grow in the laboratory, not on large-scale farms.
GMO fruits and vegetables will attract more pests than normal ones
GMO fruits and vegetables can pass genes on to native crops when grown in the wild and upset the ecological balance
GMO fruits and vegetables have no market value

14. Chapter 15
Water Resources

16. Damning the Colorado river in the US has which of the following effects?
No effect on the carrying capacity for humans of the Southwestern United States and Mexico
Increases the carrying capacity for humans of the Southwestern United States and Mexico
Decreases the carrying capacity for humans of the Southwestern United States and Mexico
Decreases the carrying capacity for humans of the Southwestern United States, but increases the carrying capacity for humans in Mexico
Increases the carrying capacity for humans of the Southwestern United States, but decreases the carrying capacity for humans in Mexico

17. Previous question Explained
H2O Reservoir
More H2O for USA (higher carrying capacity)
Dam
H2O Reservoir
Dam
Less H2O for Mexico (lower K)

18. Gravity flow Drip irrigation Center pivot Sprinkler fanning
Which of the following methods of watering crops sees limited usage nearly all over the planet due to high up-front costs to farmers?
Gravity flow
Drip irrigation
Center pivot
Sprinkler fanning
Slash irrigation
 Super expensive to lay down all that pipe! CA does this for 13+% of its irrigation (as of 2005)

19. Land masses hold what percentage of earth’s water?
97% 3%
0.001%
72%
66%

20. Previous question explained
97% 3%
0.001%
72%
66%
How much H2O you see?
How much H2O you see?

21. When groundwater is removed, the soil sinks in a process known as:
Saturation
Stabilization
Subsidence
Streambed channelization
Sustainability

22. Previous question explained:
The ground is like a jelly donut. Remove the filling (H2O or jelly), and the ground will sink (like the donut might cave in a little).

23. Using excess groundwater in coastal regions causes
A sustainable water supply
Condensation nuclei
Surface water to decline
Saltwater intrusion
Both C and D

24. Previous question explained
Groundwater OUT
Previous question explained
Salt Water
Groundwater OUT
Groundwater

25. Which method of irrigation is most efficient on average?
Gravity flow
Drip irrigation
Center pivot
Sprinkler fanning
Slash irrigation
H2O to plant!