1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY (BIOL345), SUMMER, 2017
Lecture:1
Introduction
INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY (BIOL345), SUMMER, 2017
Dr.Q.M.I.Haq

2. General information Course: (Major Elective)
Name: Introduction to Biotechnology
Code: BIOL 345
Credits: 3
Pre-requisite:Introductory Genetics, Introductory Microbiology
Contacts:
Office: Building 32, Room 25
Ext. 714

3. will be notified during the semester
Timetable
SUN to THU 10-10:50AM 34-10
SUN 12-1:50PM 27-6 (Lab)
TUE 12-1:50PM 27-6 (Lab)
Office Hours
SUN to WED 9AM-10AM
Assessment Details
Percentage %
Due
Quiz
10%
2nd Week(Thu)
In-Term Exam-I
3rd Week(Thu)
In-Term Exam-II
4th Week(Thu)
ASSIGNMENT 5%
will be notified during the semester
Lab
25%
Weeks 5
FINAL EXAM
40%
Week 6 or 7

4. List of text books and references
William J.T. and Michael A.P. (2009). Introduction to Biotechnology. 2nd Edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
References Books:
1). Susan R. Barnum. (2005). Biotechnology an introduction. 2nd edition. Thomson, Brooks/Cole Publication.
2). Acquaah, G. (2004). Understanding Biotechnology. Pearson. Prentice Hall.
3). Bougaize, D., Jewell, T.R. and Buiser, R.G. (2000). Biotechnology; Demystifying the Concept. Benjamin-Cummings Publication
4). Rene Fester Kratz PhD, Donna Rae Siegfried. (2010). Biology For Dummies. Second Edition.
5). R.C. Sobti and Suparna S. Pachauri (2009). Essential of biotechnology. CRC press, US.

5. Welcome to the World of Biotechnology
Biotechnology: Endless possibilities and countless issues

6. Father of Biotechnology
Paul Berg

12. Definition Biotechnology” was first coined in 1917 by Karl Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer.
Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).

13. The use of living organisms or their products for the welfare of humanity.
The use of scientific techniques to improve or modify plants, animals and microorganisms.
Biotechnology is the manipulation of living organisms and organic material to serve human needs.

14. What are the areas of biotechnology?
Organismic biotechnology
-uses intact organisms and does not alter genetic material.
Molecular Biotechnology
-alters genetic makeup to achieve specific goals

15. What are the benefits of biotechnology?
Medicine
human
veterinary
biopharming
Environment
Agriculture
Food products
Industry and manufacturing

16. Modern Biotech Classical Biotech
DNA FINGER PRINTING
CRIMINIAL PROFILING
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
Forensic
Human Genome Project
Functional genomics
PROTEOMICS
CANCER RESEARCH
GENE THERAPY
THERAPEUTIC CLONING
STEM CELLS
Restriction enzymology
Cloning
Microarrays/GENE CHIP
CHEESE
BEER
WINE
BREAD
YOGHURT
Genomics
Medical
Biotech
Recombinant
DNA
HUMAN DEFENCE SYSTEM
VACCINES
ANTIBODIES
Fermentation
Immunology
Modern
Biotech
Classical
Biotech
Breeding
Microbial
Biotech
FOOD BIOTECH
ENZYMOLOGY
ANTIBIOTICS
FUELS
BIOPOLYMERS
AGRICULTURE
BIOREMEDIATION
Marine
Biotech
ANIMAL HUSBUNDARY
CROP IMPROVEMENT
HIGHER YEILD
HIGHER RESISTANCE
Plant
Biotech
Animal
Biotech
FISH BIOTECH
NATURAL BIOPRODUCTS
TISSUE CULTURE
GENETICALLY MODIFIED
MEDICIANL
TRANSGENICS
AGRICULTURE

17. GMO- genetically modified organisms.
GEO- genetically enhanced organisms.
With both, the natural genetic material of the organism has been altered.
Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology
Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and either
Transferring them to another organism
Putting them back into the original organism in different combinations

18. Pioneers in Biotechnology

19. 1980’s-1990’s
A variety of GMO’s and biotechnology techniques are introduced in fields from agriculture to medicine
Recombinant DNA technology-extracts DNA from one organism for use in another, allowing more rapid and specific improvements in plants and animals
Plant Tissue Culture-gains widespread acceptance as a method to quickly and cheaply produce genetically identical plants.

20. Antony van Leeuwenhoek
Discovers bacteria using a simple microscope

21. Gregor Johan Mendel
Austrian monk who conducted the first genetics experiments using pea plants in the mid 1800s.
Often considered the founder of genetics.

22. Louis Pasteur
Disproved the notion of spontaneous generation, describing the role of bacteria in spoilage and the scientific basis for fermentation
Created the rabies vaccine

23. Robert Hooke Invented the compound light microscope
First to observe cells in cork

24. James Watson & Francis Crick
Englishmen responsible for the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA using X-ray photographs.

25. Paul Berg
Stanford University scientist who first developed recombinant DNA technology, a method for insertion of genetic material from one organism into another.

26. Walter Sutton
Discovered Chromosomes

27. Thomas Hunt Morgan
Discovered how genes are transmitted through chromosomes

28. Ernst Ruska
Invented the electron microscope

29. Sir Alexander Fleming
Discovered penicillin

30. Rosalind Elsie Franklin
Research led to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA

31. Biotechnology Timeline
1675 Leeuwenhoek discovers cells (bacteria, red blood cells)
1855 The Eschirium coli bacterium is discovered
1859 Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species

32. 1864. Louis Pasteur shows all living. things are produced by other
1864 Louis Pasteur shows all living things are produced by other living things
1902 Walter Sutton coins the term ‘gene’ - proposed that chromosomes carry genes
1910 Chromosomal theory of inheritance proved

33. 1928 Fleming discovers antibiotic properties of certain molds
1941 George Beadle and Edward Tatum propose that one gene makes one protein

34. 1953 The double helix is unravelled
1973 Recombinant DNA technology begins

35. 1975 DNA sequencing discovered
1975 Monoclonal antibody technology introduced
1978 Genentech use genetic engineering to produce human insulin in E.coli
1978 Kary Mullis discovers PCR

36. 1989 The Human Genome Project begins
1990 First use of gene therapy
1994 The FLAVRSAVR tomato – first genetically engineered whole food

37. 1997 First artificial chromosome

38. History of Biotechnology (Historical Development)

39. 1998 Human embryonic stem cells grown
1999 Celera announces completion of Drosophilia genome sequence

40. 2000 90% of Human Genome sequence published on web
2001 Human genome project complete

41. 1990’s
First transgenic organisms (GMO’s) are introduced in widespread agricultural production, particularly in the area of crops.
Bt corn and soybeans are introduced offering “natural” insect resistance by the introduction of a gene from the bacterium Baccillus thuringensis

42. 1997 Ian Wilmut, created the first true clone, the Dorset ewe Dolly
Dolly is the first animal cloned from diploid cells is produced in Scotland