1. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
Abdomen Anatomy
Gerald R. Aben, MD, FACR
Associate Professor Radiology
College of Osteopathic Medicine
In this section, we will be reviewing a variety of anatomy objectives related to the abdomen
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

2. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
In this frontal projection from an upper GI examination identify the rugal folds in the stomach. The fundus, the body and the pylorus region. The presence of the first portion the duodenum, the duodenal cap, the C-loop or the duodenal loop the second portion the duodenum.
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

3. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
In this frontal radiograph obtained somewhat later as the barium has proceeded into the small intestine we are able to identify the fundus of the stomach as well as the body and antrum portions of the stomach. The duodenal cap or duodenal bulb is noted. We see the second and third portions as well as the fourth portion of the duodenum as indicated by the lines. The ligament of Treitz represents the junction between the duodenum and the jejunum. The majority of the small intestine indicated by the white opaque barium material is within the jejunum as well as a small portion of the distal small intestine and ileum.
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

4. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
In this image, we are able to identify a number of the structures of the upper portion the abdomen. CT providing us very good spatial detail. We are able to identify the right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, the gallbladder being the lower attenuating structure. Stool within the transverse colon is noted. The opaque material noted centrally represents contrast material within the stomach. Note the relationship of the inferior vena cava and the aorta. Also note the superior mesenteric artery which is labeled on this image. Directly anterior to the superior mesenteric artery an oval structure is present representing the superior mesenteric vein. We seen the left renal vein and portions of left renal artery on this exam. The renal cortex and medullary portions are differentiated due to their different contrast opacity. On this instance both the right and left crus of the diaphragm could be identified. The area of high attenuation involving the posterior wall of the aorta representing arterial calcification as a result of arteriosclerosis.
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

5. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
By introducing barium into the rectum were are able to evaluate the colon with some detail. On this image of the low pelvic region we identify a retention balloon within the rectum. Portions of the rectum and the sigmoid colon are demonstrated as well as portions of the ascending colon in the region of the cecum as well as the descending colon in the area where two haustral markings are indicated by brackets. Contrast and air demonstrated within the terminal ileum. The appendix is noted to arise off the cecum and to extend inferiorly from the cecum.
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

6. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
On this contrast-enhanced examination, iodinated contrast is being excreted by the kidneys allowing us to identified the major calyces as well as the renal pelvis, ureter and the lateral aspect of the collapsed bladder. Note the bony structures demonstrated here including lumbar vertebra the sacrum and sacroiliac joints. We also demonstrate air within descending and descending colon. The air within the ascending colon is labeled. Air within the pelvic region within the sigmoid colon as well.
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

7. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
Utilizing a decubitus position which you recall is the patient lying on his side, in this case were able to see barium and air within the acending colon from the level of the cecum to the hepatic flexure. We identify portions of the transverse colon and the splenic flexure and again we see in air-contrast level in the descending colon. The sigmoid colon in this individual is superimposed upon itself, which we hamper anatomic evaluation. We as well note some contrast material a narrower tubular structure in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen representing contrast material within the terminal ileum.
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

8. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
By introducing barium into the rectum were are able to evaluate the colon with some detail. On this image of the low pelvic region we identify a retention balloon within the rectum. Portions of the rectum and the sigmoid colon are demonstrated as well as portions of the ascending colon in the region of the cecum as well as the descending colon in the area where two haustral markings are indicated by brackets. Contrast and air demonstrated within the terminal ileum. The appendix is noted to arise off the cecum and to extend inferiorly from the cecum.
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

9. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
Vascular evaluation the abdomen is also useful. This vascular evaluation can be obtained with both CT and MR techniques. On this MR angiogram we see origin of the celiac trunk. We see the branches of the hepatic artery and the splenic artery. we see both right and left renal artery as well as the origins of the mesenteric artery. Lumbar arteries extending to the left side are demonstrated and the common iliac artery is noted to branch into the external and internal branches on the lower aspect of the image.
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

10. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
On this examination of the midabdomen we are able to identify the crus of the diaphragm on the right and left and their relationship to the aorta. Also directly above and lateral to the crus of the diaphragm exists the adrenal glands. Contrast again seen within the stomach. The spleen and the splenic hilum are clearly seen. The ringlike area of decreased attenuation within the left lobe liver representing portions the falciform ligament.
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

11. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
This image here demonstrates additional structures. Again, high contrast identified within the body of the stomach and in the left lobe of the liver near the word liver, we see fat surrounding the falciform ligament. We also demonstrate the right lobe liver, the right crus of the diaphragm and the left crus the diaphragm. The celiac trunk and its branching into the splenic artery and hepatic artery are seen. We identify distal splenic vessels near the splenic hilum. as well portions of the pancreas are included on this examination. The aorta is noted in relationship to the diaphragmatic crus.
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

12. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
An additional imaging in another individual showing the superior mesenteric artery and vein in their relative relationship in the abdomen. We also seen more of the pancreas is in this individual as well as the aorta, inferior vena cava and the left renal vein. The portal venous system containing contrast and are clearly defined on this view. Fat is again noted in relationship to the falciform ligament. Stomach and spleen are labled on image for you.
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

13. DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
On this image the superior mesenteric artery is identified as well as the inferior vena cava and both kidneys. The left renal artery is seen as is the gallbladder and there is stool identified within the colon
9/18/2018
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY